【摘要】：我國每年各種泵的耗電量約占全國總耗電量的20.9%,其中離心水泵的應(yīng)用量大面廣,廣泛應(yīng)用在農(nóng)業(yè)、石油化工、航空航天、礦山等領(lǐng)域。由于離心水泵葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性造成離心水泵內(nèi)部復(fù)雜的流動狀態(tài),研究離心水泵內(nèi)部流動,對于離心水泵主要結(jié)構(gòu)零部件的優(yōu)化設(shè)計,從而提高離心水泵的性能和效率、避免泵在偏工況下運(yùn)行具有重要意義。本文針對20B4型多級離心水泵,提出將流體計算動力學(xué)(CFD)方法和快速成型(RP)方法相結(jié)合,很大程度上縮短了開發(fā)新泵由設(shè)計到成品的時間,為廠家提供了一種新的生產(chǎn)方法。 本文基于傳統(tǒng)的離心泵設(shè)計方法和現(xiàn)代CAD設(shè)計技術(shù),應(yīng)用三維建模軟件Solidworks對20B4型多級離心水泵其中一級包括進(jìn)口通道、葉輪、導(dǎo)葉和出口通道等流動區(qū)域進(jìn)行三維建模,將物理模型導(dǎo)入Gambit軟件進(jìn)行非結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格劃分,并對網(wǎng)格做出相應(yīng)調(diào)整,使其平滑沒有壞點。 應(yīng)用商用CFD軟件Fluent對九種在不同流量下的工況進(jìn)行全流場的數(shù)值模擬。對額定工況下總壓分布圖、靜壓分布圖以及相對速度矢量圖和絕對速度矢量圖進(jìn)行模擬分析,模擬結(jié)果表明,流場分布均勻,未出現(xiàn)明顯的回流,尾跡等現(xiàn)象,例如在進(jìn)口處發(fā)生回流,在有的流道內(nèi)發(fā)生尾跡但是不太明顯。對模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行性能預(yù)測,得到揚(yáng)程、軸功率、效率與流量關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)了揚(yáng)程隨流量的增加而減小,效率隨流量先增加后減小等規(guī)律�？紤]機(jī)械損失和容積損失,通過預(yù)測特性曲線與實驗特性曲線相對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者吻合比較良好,驗證了模擬計算的可靠性。 利用HRPS-IV粉末燒結(jié)快速成型設(shè)備對葉輪模型進(jìn)行粉末葉輪制造,之后制作樹脂葉輪。對樹脂葉輪進(jìn)行實驗測試,根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果可以看出離心水泵工作穩(wěn)定,性能較好。驗證了用樹脂葉輪代替實驗件的可靠性和可行性。
[Abstract]:The power consumption of various pumps in China accounts for about 20.9 percent of the total electricity consumption in China every year. The centrifugal pumps are widely used in agriculture, petrochemical industry, aerospace, mining and other fields, among which the centrifugal pumps are widely used in the fields of agriculture, petrochemical industry, aerospace, mining and so on. Because of the complex structure of centrifugal pump impeller, the internal flow of centrifugal pump is complicated. The optimization design of main structural parts of centrifugal pump is studied, so as to improve the performance and efficiency of centrifugal pump. It is of great significance to avoid the operation of the pump under off-condition. In this paper, for 20B4 type multistage centrifugal pump, the combination of fluid computational dynamics (CFD) method and rapid prototyping (RP) method is proposed, which greatly shortens the time of developing new pump from design to finished product, and provides a new production method for manufacturers. Based on the traditional centrifugal pump design method and modern CAD design technology, the three-dimensional modeling software Solidworks is used to model the flow zone of 20B4 multistage centrifugal pump, which includes inlet passage, impeller, guide vane and outlet passage. The physical model is imported into Gambit software for unstructured grid division, and the grid is adjusted accordingly to make it smooth without any harm. The commercial CFD software Fluent is used to simulate the whole flow field in nine different flow conditions. The total pressure distribution, static pressure distribution, relative velocity vector and absolute velocity vector are simulated and analyzed under rated working conditions. The simulation results show that the flow field is uniformly distributed, and no obvious phenomena such as backflow and wake are found. For example, reflux occurs at the inlet and wake occurs in some channels but is less obvious. Based on the performance prediction of the simulation results, the relations among head, shaft power, efficiency and flow rate are obtained. It is found that the lift decreases with the increase of flow rate, and the efficiency increases first and then decreases with the flow rate. Considering the mechanical loss and volume loss, by comparing the predicted characteristic curve with the experimental characteristic curve, it is found that the two curves are in good agreement, and the reliability of the simulation calculation is verified. The powder impeller was manufactured by HRPS-IV powder sintering rapid prototyping equipment, and then resin impeller was made. The experimental results of resin impeller show that the centrifugal pump works stably and has good performance. The reliability and feasibility of replacing the experimental part with resin impeller are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH311

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