【摘要】：滾動(dòng)軸承在航空航天及軌道交通等工況苛刻與可靠度要求極高的領(lǐng)域均有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，是傳動(dòng)部分的關(guān)鍵零部件。對(duì)選用軸承的壽命預(yù)測(cè)過大，一旦軸承提前失效，將導(dǎo)致傳動(dòng)部分甚至整個(gè)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的故障。軸承的壽命估計(jì)過小，致使過早更換軸承，拆裝過程會(huì)大大增加維護(hù)成本。本課題研究了工況對(duì)軸承壽命的影響，并提出了復(fù)合工況與高可靠度條件下軸承壽命的修正計(jì)算方法。 傳統(tǒng)的ISO壽命計(jì)算方法，只能針對(duì)常用內(nèi)部幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的軸承，在一般可靠度要求下，計(jì)算僅受軸向力與徑向力的滾動(dòng)軸承疲勞壽命。該方法利用基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)選取的修正系數(shù)，針對(duì)材料及工作條件進(jìn)行修正，不但修正的精確度不夠，，同時(shí)也無法考慮彎矩、裝配、溫度等對(duì)軸承壽命的影響。 本文首先對(duì)多種基本額定壽命的計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行分析與比較，確定利用Harris改進(jìn)的L-P基本額定壽命計(jì)算公式作為基礎(chǔ)，討論軸承內(nèi)部載荷分布與滾動(dòng)體壽命對(duì)軸承整體壽命的影響，得到一次修正計(jì)算方法。 在基于次表層疲勞起源的L-P理論基礎(chǔ)上，從軸承內(nèi)部載荷分布與套圈周向應(yīng)力的角度，研究了過盈配合、初始游隙、彎矩、溫度及殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)次表層最大剪應(yīng)力的影響，進(jìn)一步研究它們對(duì)疲勞壽命的影響，形成了能夠精確計(jì)算工況影響的基于軸承內(nèi)部載荷分布的二次修正計(jì)算方法。 在以考慮軸承內(nèi)部載荷分布的一次修正算法和考慮部分工況影響的二次修正算法的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合基于I-H理論的ISO281-2007壽命修正計(jì)算方法，考慮接觸區(qū)域表層產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力及材料疲勞極限對(duì)軸承壽命的影響，針對(duì)潤滑、污染、高可靠度及軸承超長壽命現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行修正，得到最終的復(fù)合工況與高可靠度條件下滾動(dòng)軸承壽命修正計(jì)算方法，并利用VB與Matlab聯(lián)合開發(fā)出計(jì)算軟件。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearings are widely used in many fields, such as aerospace and rail transit, which require high reliability and are the key parts of transmission. The life prediction of the selected bearing is too large, once the bearing fails ahead of time, it will lead to the serious failure of the transmission part or even the whole system. Bearing life is estimated too small, resulting in premature replacement of bearings, disassembly and assembly process will greatly increase maintenance costs. In this paper, the influence of working condition on bearing life is studied, and the modified calculation method of bearing life under compound working condition and high reliability is put forward. The traditional ISO life calculation method can only calculate the fatigue life of rolling bearing with only axial and radial forces under the request of general reliability for bearings with common internal geometry. In this method, the influence of bending moment, assembly and temperature on the bearing life is not only insufficient but also not only the accuracy is not enough, but also the influence of bending moment, assembly and temperature on the bearing life can be considered by modifying the material and working conditions by using the correction coefficient selected based on experience. In this paper, the calculation formulas of various basic rated life are analyzed and compared, and the influence of bearing internal load distribution and rolling life on the whole life of bearing is discussed based on the L-P basic rated life calculation formula improved by Harris. A modified calculation method is obtained. Based on the L-P theory of subsurface fatigue origin, the effects of interference fit, initial clearance, bending moment, temperature and residual stress on the maximum shear stress of subsurface layer are studied from the angle of bearing internal load distribution and ring circumferential stress. The influence of them on fatigue life is further studied and a secondary correction method based on the internal load distribution of bearing is developed which can accurately calculate the influence of working conditions. On the basis of the primary correction algorithm considering the load distribution inside the bearing and the secondary correction algorithm considering the influence of partial working conditions, the ISO281-2007 life correction method based on I-H theory is combined. Considering the influence of the surface layer stress and the fatigue limit of the material on the bearing life, the lubrication, pollution, high reliability and the super-long life of the bearing are corrected. The final calculation method for life correction of rolling bearing under the condition of compound working condition and high reliability is obtained, and the calculation software is developed by using VB and Matlab.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.33

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