【摘要】：現(xiàn)代物流工程中應(yīng)用著大量的機(jī)械設(shè)備，其中,主要用于各類物料裝卸轉(zhuǎn)載作業(yè)的抓斗起重機(jī)械有著非常重要的作用。在工作過程中，橋架結(jié)構(gòu)作為抓斗起重機(jī)械的主要的承載部件，運(yùn)用動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真技術(shù)對(duì)橋架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的動(dòng)力學(xué)分析十分必要，這對(duì)抓斗起重機(jī)械作業(yè)效率的提高、人力勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的降低以及工作人員安全的確保具有非�？捎^的效用。 要準(zhǔn)確分析抓斗起重機(jī)械橋架結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能，實(shí)驗(yàn)是最有效和最直接的方法，它可以實(shí)際測(cè)量起重機(jī)械所承受的載荷和結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力。但起重機(jī)械的實(shí)測(cè)只有在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)完成后才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，這樣會(huì)造成不必要的損失，而且周期也比較長。 本文通過了解抓斗起重機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和國內(nèi)外起重機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究現(xiàn)狀，分析了抓斗橋式起重機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究的必要性和可行性，采用有限元分析軟件HYPERWORKS，對(duì)抓斗橋式起重機(jī)主梁的動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了研究，主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 1.利用HYPERMESH完成抓斗橋式起重機(jī)主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型的建立，通過對(duì)主梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行受力分析，來完成有限元模型靜力學(xué)分析中的約束與加載。利用有限元仿真，校核結(jié)構(gòu)的靜剛度和靜強(qiáng)度。 2.通過對(duì)有限元模型進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，來研究主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的固有頻率和振型，避免共振現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，同時(shí)也為動(dòng)態(tài)分析提供數(shù)據(jù)參考。 3.研究抓斗橋式起重機(jī)工作過程中，主梁結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)變形情況。將一個(gè)完整的工作過程分成起升過程和卸載過程兩部分來研究。起升過程中，考慮鋼絲繩受力變化的情況和鋼絲繩預(yù)緊的作用時(shí)間。卸載過程中，考慮了針對(duì)不同抓取物的情況，載荷變化方式不一樣。利用有限元軟件HYPERWORKS，，分別對(duì)起升和卸載過程進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，得出主梁位移變化曲線，判斷不同情況下，主梁振動(dòng)大小變化趨勢(shì)，為起重機(jī)主梁設(shè)計(jì)提供參考！
[Abstract]:In modern logistics engineering, a large number of machinery and equipment are applied, among which, grabbing crane which is mainly used in loading and unloading of various kinds of materials plays a very important role. In the working process, the bridge frame structure is the main bearing part of the grab crane. It is necessary to use dynamic simulation technology to carry out accurate dynamic analysis of the bridge structure, which can improve the working efficiency of the grab crane. The reduction of labor intensity and the safety of staff are of considerable utility. The experiment is the most effective and direct method to accurately analyze the dynamic performance of the bridge structure of grab crane. It can actually measure the load and the structural stress of the crane. However, the measurement of lifting machinery can only be realized after the production of the product is completed, which will cause unnecessary losses and a long period. This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the research on the dynamic characteristics of grab crane by understanding the development trend of grab crane and the research status of crane dynamic characteristics at home and abroad. The dynamic characteristics of the main girder of grab bridge crane are studied by using the finite element analysis software HYPERWORKS. The main contents are as follows: 1. The finite element model of the main girder structure of grab bridge crane is established by using HYPERMESH, and the constraint and loading of the finite element model static analysis are accomplished by the force analysis of the main girder structure. The static stiffness and strength of the structure are checked by finite element simulation. 2. The modal analysis of the finite element model is carried out to study the natural frequency and mode shape of the main beam structure to avoid the occurrence of resonance phenomenon and to provide a data reference for dynamic analysis. The vibration deformation of the main girder structure in the working process of grab bridge crane is studied. A complete working process is divided into two parts: the lifting process and the unloading process. In the process of hoisting, the change of wire rope force and the action time of wire rope pre-tightening are considered. In the process of unloading, the load variation mode is different according to different grabbing conditions. By using the finite element software HYPERWORKS, the transient dynamic analysis of hoisting and unloading process is carried out, and the displacement curve of the main beam is obtained, and the variation trend of the main beam vibration is judged under different conditions, which provides a reference for the design of the main girder of the crane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH215

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