【摘要】：離心壓縮機(jī)作為核心設(shè)備廣泛應(yīng)用于石油天然氣、大型煤化工以及深海油氣開采等領(lǐng)域。離心壓縮機(jī)性能的高低直接影響整套裝置經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，安全運(yùn)行以及可靠性�，F(xiàn)階段隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，資源消耗、環(huán)境惡化等問題日趨嚴(yán)重。所以如何保持壓縮機(jī)安全穩(wěn)定高效運(yùn)行，提高其設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行效率及自愈能力，拓寬工況范圍越來越受到廣泛的關(guān)注。 本文針對(duì)以上難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)應(yīng)用數(shù)值分析方法開發(fā)高效精確的分析預(yù)測(cè)模型，首先對(duì)離心壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行非定常數(shù)值模擬深入研究了入口導(dǎo)葉與葉輪的非定常相干現(xiàn)象。分析了這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的影響，得出這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生氣流激振力為造成葉輪葉片斷裂故障的主要原因。 其次，，探討了葉輪蓋側(cè)曲率及軸向長(zhǎng)度對(duì)壓縮機(jī)整級(jí)性能影響。對(duì)四種不同蓋側(cè)曲率葉輪進(jìn)行氣動(dòng)性能、力學(xué)性能以及振動(dòng)模態(tài)綜合分析。分析結(jié)果表明，減少葉輪輪蓋側(cè)曲率會(huì)使空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)性能明顯提高同時(shí)也會(huì)使葉輪機(jī)械性能有所改善，振動(dòng)固有頻率有所提高，但在得益的同時(shí)必須要考慮這種葉輪引起相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)問題。 最后，采用CFD技術(shù)研究離心壓縮機(jī)整級(jí)性能優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法。應(yīng)用全三維流場(chǎng)分析的方法分析葉輪、擴(kuò)壓器以及回流器葉片參數(shù)變化對(duì)壓縮機(jī)性能的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)主要幾何參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)并建立氣動(dòng)參數(shù)與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明，通過在壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行過程中調(diào)節(jié)擴(kuò)壓器葉片的角度，可以使壓縮機(jī)的最大效率和工況范圍均得到改善。對(duì)于本模型的壓縮機(jī)，效率可提高2％以上。優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)后壓縮機(jī)整級(jí)氣動(dòng)性能得到明顯改善。本文的研究成果可為提高壓縮機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)效率和工況范圍及自愈調(diào)控提供有效的方法。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor as the core equipment is widely used in oil and gas, large-scale coal chemical industry, deep-sea oil and gas mining and other fields. The performance of centrifugal compressor directly affects the economic benefit, safe operation and reliability of the whole unit. At present, with the rapid development of economy, resources consumption, environmental deterioration and other problems are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, how to keep compressor safe, stable and efficient operation, improve its design, operation efficiency and self-healing ability, broaden the scope of working conditions has been more and more widely concerned. In this paper, an efficient and accurate analysis and prediction model is developed by using the numerical analysis method in view of the above difficulties and hot spots. First, the unsteady coherent phenomenon between the inlet guide vane and the impeller is deeply studied by unsteady numerical simulation of the centrifugal compressor. The influence of this phenomenon on the strength of impeller structure is analyzed. It is concluded that the main reason for the failure of impeller blade is the airflow exciting force caused by this phenomenon. Secondly, the influence of the side curvature and axial length of the impeller cover on the overall performance of the compressor is discussed. The aerodynamic, mechanical and vibration modes of four kinds of impellers with different cover and side curvature were analyzed. The results show that reducing the lateral curvature of the impeller cover can obviously improve the aerodynamic performance and improve the mechanical properties of the impeller and the natural frequency of vibration. But at the same time, the rotor dynamics caused by the impeller must be considered. Finally, CFD technology is used to study the optimization design method of centrifugal compressor integral performance. The effect of blade parameters of impeller diffuser and reflux on compressor performance was analyzed by using the method of full-3D flow field analysis. On this basis, the main geometric parameters are optimized and the corresponding relationship between aerodynamic parameters and structural parameters is established. The results show that the maximum efficiency and working range of the compressor can be improved by adjusting the angle of the diffuser blade during the operation of the compressor. For the compressor of this model, the efficiency can be increased by more than 2%. After the optimization design, the overall aerodynamic performance of the compressor is obviously improved. The research results of this paper can provide an effective method for improving the design efficiency, working condition range and self-healing regulation of compressor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH452

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