本文選題：氧化物 + 球形顆粒��； 參考：《濟南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米摩擦學(xué)是隨著納米科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展誕生并成為上世紀(jì)90年代以來摩擦學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域最活躍也是材料科學(xué)與摩擦學(xué)交叉領(lǐng)域最前沿的一個分支學(xué)科。這門學(xué)科旨在揭示微觀摩擦磨損機理，設(shè)計并制備納米尺度上的潤滑劑及減摩耐磨材料。從納米微粒作為潤滑油添加劑的摩擦學(xué)特性和摩擦學(xué)機理分析，具有較高硬度、較好的球形度和良好分散性是顆粒發(fā)揮抗磨減摩性能的先決條件，很多氧化物都具有較高的硬度，因此制備球形度較好的納米顆粒對于其發(fā)揮減摩效果至關(guān)重要。本論文主要是利用溶劑熱法和激光輻照技術(shù)制備了幾種氧化物顆粒，并研究了他們的抗磨減摩性能。研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下： (1)研究了近球形ZnO納米顆粒的成球機理和油酸對其表面改性的機理，以及近球形ZnO的抗磨減摩性能。分別采用水熱法和溶劑熱法制備得到了近球形ZnO納米顆粒，研究表明油酸鈉在顆粒成球的過程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用；選用油酸對溶劑熱法制備的顆粒表面改性，提高了其油溶性以及在油中的穩(wěn)定性，通過正交實驗確定了最佳改性方案；摩擦磨損實驗表明改性后的ZnO納米顆粒作為潤滑油的添加劑可以有效減小摩擦，但是顆粒的抗磨效果并不明顯，當(dāng)添加濃度為0.1wt%時摩擦系數(shù)的降幅為28%，減摩效果達(dá)到最大。 (2)利用溶劑熱法成功實現(xiàn)了球形三元氧化物ZnAl2O4納米顆粒的合成以及原位接枝改性，并研究了顆粒的抗磨減摩機理。通過正交實驗方法找到了最佳制備與改性實驗參數(shù)，油酸改性后的ZnAl2O4納米顆粒可以穩(wěn)定分散于潤滑油中而不沉降；ZnAl2O4納米顆粒在摩擦磨損實驗中最優(yōu)添加濃度為0.1wt%，摩擦系數(shù)和磨斑直徑的降幅分別為33.37%和31.15%，表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)異的抗磨減摩性能，而且三元氧化物ZnAl2O4顆粒的抗磨減摩效果均優(yōu)于單一ZnO和Al2O3納米顆粒作為添加劑時的；由摩擦表面的分析可知納米顆粒之所以發(fā)揮了抗磨減摩效果是由于納米顆粒的微軸承機理和自修復(fù)機理。 (3)利用液相脈沖激光輻照技術(shù)處理斜方晶系的α-Fe2O3立方形顆粒后得到了尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)的球形Fe3O4亞微米顆粒，即在簡單的液相激光輻照過程中同時實現(xiàn)了球形化和顆粒的合并以及相轉(zhuǎn)變。實驗中可以通過改變激光輻照的能量密度和輻照時間來準(zhǔn)確控制顆粒的再成型和相轉(zhuǎn)變過程，提出了在脈沖激光輻照條件下顆粒形貌演變和晶型轉(zhuǎn)換機理。這種激光輻照的方法與傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)法相比操作簡單、合成時間短，安全、無需催化劑，而且不需復(fù)雜苛刻的實驗條件。摩擦磨損實驗表明當(dāng)球形Fe3O4亞微米顆粒以合適的濃度（0.07wt%）添加到潤滑油中時，，與方形的α-Fe2O3顆粒相比可以更加有效地降低摩擦系數(shù)（摩擦系數(shù)降幅為40%）以及減小磨損（磨斑直徑降幅達(dá)22%），表明亞微米顆粒在潤滑油添加劑領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用潛力，并且驗證了顆粒的球形形態(tài)對于摩擦學(xué)性能提高的重要性。
[Abstract]:Nano tribology was born with the development of nanoscience and technology, and became the most active branch of the field of basic Tribology in the field of tribology since the 90s of last century. This subject aims to reveal the mechanism of friction and wear, and to prepare and reduce the lubricant on the nanometer scale. Friction and wear resistant material. From the tribological and Tribological Mechanism of nano particles as lubricating oil additives, it has high hardness, better sphericity and good dispersity, and many oxides have high hardness. The effect of antifriction is very important. In this paper, several oxide particles are prepared by means of solvent heat and laser irradiation, and their antiwear and antifriction properties are studied. The contents and results are as follows:
(1) the formation mechanism of the near spherical ZnO nanoparticles and the mechanism of oleic acid on its surface modification, as well as the antiwear and antifriction properties of the near spherical ZnO were studied. The near spherical ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and solvothermal method. The results showed that sodium oleate played a vital role in the process of forming the ball. The surface modification of particles prepared by solvothermal method has improved its oil solubility and stability in oil. The optimum modification scheme is determined by orthogonal experiment. The friction and wear experiments show that the modified ZnO nanoparticles can effectively reduce friction as the additives of the lubricating oil, but the effect of the particles is not obvious, when the concentration is added. The friction coefficient decreases to 28% when 0.1wt% is applied, and the friction reduction effect reaches the maximum.
(2) the synthesis of spherical three element oxide ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles and in situ grafting modification were successfully realized by solvent thermal method, and the anti friction and friction reduction mechanism of the particles was studied. The optimum preparation and modification experimental parameters were found by orthogonal experiment. The ZnAl2O4 nanometers after oleic acid modification could be dispersed in the lubricating oil without settling. The optimum addition concentration of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles in friction and wear tests is 0.1wt%, the decrease of friction coefficient and grinding spot diameter is 33.37% and 31.15% respectively, showing excellent antiwear and antifriction properties, and the antiwear and antifriction effect of three element oxide ZnAl2O4 particles is better than that of single ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles as additives. The analysis of the friction surface shows that the wear resistance of nanoparticles is due to the micro bearing mechanism and self-healing mechanism of nanoparticles.
(3) the spherical Fe3O4 submicron particles of the spinel structure are obtained by using the liquid phase pulse laser irradiation technology to treat the cubic particles of the crystal structure of the inclined crystal. That is, the spheroidization, the combination of particles and the phase transition are realized during the simple liquid phase laser irradiation, and the energy density of the laser irradiated can be changed in the experiment. The process of remolding and phase transformation of particles is accurately controlled by irradiation time. The evolution of particle morphology and crystal transformation mechanism under the condition of pulsed laser irradiation are put forward. The method of laser irradiation is simple in operation, short in synthesis time, safe, without catalytic agent and without complex and harsh experimental conditions. The loss test shows that when the spherical Fe3O4 submicron particles are added to the lubricating oil with appropriate concentration (0.07wt%), the friction coefficient can be reduced more effectively than the square alpha -Fe2O3 particles (the friction coefficient is reduced to 40%) and the wear is reduced by 22%. It shows that the submicron particles are applied in the field of lubricating oil additives. It also verified the importance of spherical shape of particles in improving tribological properties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB383.1;TH117

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