本文選題：螺旋油楔 + 滑動軸承��； 參考：《山東大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：旋轉機械的軸心軌跡作為轉子-軸承系統(tǒng)振動狀態(tài)的一類重要圖形征兆,是滑動軸承工作狀態(tài)的綜合反映。通過軸心軌跡可以確定軸承在工作時任一瞬時的油膜形狀和最小油膜厚度,清楚的反映軸承的潤滑狀況,判定軸承工作的可靠性,確定實現軸承液體潤滑條件下所必須的最小間隙與精度及潤滑油粘度,確定軸承合適的進油孔位置,分析與鑒別軸承故障等。因此,在滑動軸承的研究中,軸心軌跡的研究占據著十分重要的位置,是軸承潤滑分析的基礎。本課題結合一種新型螺旋油楔滑動軸承支撐的轉子-軸承系統(tǒng),建立了非線性軸心軌跡的計算模型、計算了螺旋油楔滑動軸承和普通圓軸承在不同轉速下的軸心軌跡,并對軸心軌跡激振實驗進行了仿真。 首先,基于軸頸慣性力、非線性油膜力和動載荷之間的平衡關系,建立了滑動軸承-轉子系統(tǒng)的運動方程,并基于非線性理論,采用軸心位置配置技術,建立了滑動軸承軸心軌跡的非線性計算模型,計算出了軸承的非線性軸心軌跡。同時,為便于比較,根據油膜力線性化方法,建立了軸心在平衡位置附近作小位移渦動的線性分析模型,應用偏導數法計算了軸心在平衡位置時油膜的剛度、阻尼系數,再根據線性油膜剛度、阻尼系數計算了線性軸心軌跡。 其次,計算了螺旋角β=0.1～0.9時,螺旋油楔軸承在n=6000r/min的軸心軌跡,得到了軸心在靜平衡位置的各項數據。通過比較這些數據,分析了螺旋角對軸心軌跡的影響；計算了轉速不同時的軸心軌跡,得到了軸承系統(tǒng)的臨界轉速,并分析比較了不同轉速下滑動軸承軸心軌跡的特征；最后通過頻譜分析比較了螺旋油楔軸承和普通圓軸承分別在各自的臨界轉速下軸心軌跡的特征。 再次,針對螺旋油楔和圓軸承兩種不同結構的軸承,對比分析了正弦激振力作用下兩種軸承的軸心軌跡特征。分別研究了正弦載荷激勵下系統(tǒng)的動力學過程和正弦激勵條件下系統(tǒng)的共振現象,采用MATLAB仿真計算得到了正弦載荷作用下系統(tǒng)的幅頻特性曲線和共振頻率。 最后,在滑動軸承實驗臺上獲得實際的軸心軌跡。依據實驗步驟測試得到實際的軸心位移數據；通過對實測信號進行FFT并分析,提取有用信號,畫出實際軸心軌跡的圖形；利用實驗數據所做出的實際軌跡與本文理論計算得到的軸心軌跡進行了對比分析。結果表明采用本文的研究方法得到的計算結果與實驗結果一致。
[Abstract]:As a kind of important graphical sign of rotor bearing system vibration state, the axis track of rotating machinery is a comprehensive reflection of sliding bearing working state. Through the axis track, any instantaneous oil film shape and minimum oil film thickness can be determined, the lubrication condition of the bearing can be clearly reflected, and the reliability of the bearing can be determined. The minimum clearance, precision and viscosity of lubricating oil are determined to realize the liquid lubrication of bearing, the proper position of oil intake hole is determined, and the fault of bearing is analyzed and identified. Therefore, in the research of sliding bearing, the research of axis track occupies a very important position and is the basis of bearing lubrication analysis. In this paper, a new rotor-bearing system supported by spiral oil wedge sliding bearing is combined, and the nonlinear axis trajectory calculation model is established, and the axis track of spiral oil wedge sliding bearing and ordinary circular bearing at different rotational speeds is calculated. The experiment of axis trajectory excitation is simulated. First of all, based on the balance between journal inertia force, nonlinear oil film force and dynamic load, the motion equation of sliding bearing-rotor system is established. The nonlinear calculation model of the journal bearing's axis track is established, and the nonlinear axis track of the bearing is calculated. At the same time, for the sake of comparison, according to the linearization method of oil film force, the linear analysis model of small displacement vortex of axis near equilibrium position is established, and the stiffness and damping coefficient of oil film are calculated by using partial derivative method. Then the linear axis locus is calculated according to the linear oil film stiffness and damping coefficient. Secondly, the axis trajectory of spiral oil wedge bearing in n=6000r/min is calculated when the helical angle 尾 0. 1 0. 9 is 0. 9, and the data of axis center in static equilibrium position are obtained. By comparing these data, the influence of helical angle on the axis trajectory is analyzed, and the critical speed of the bearing system is obtained by calculating the axis trajectory with different rotational speeds, and the characteristics of the axis trajectory of the sliding bearing under different speeds are analyzed and compared. Finally, the characteristics of the axis locus of the spiral oil wedge bearing and the ordinary round bearing under their respective critical speeds are compared by spectrum analysis. Thirdly, for the two kinds of bearings with different structure of spiral oil wedge and circular bearing, the characteristics of the axis locus of the two kinds of bearings under the action of sinusoidal excitation force are compared and analyzed. The dynamic process of the system under sinusoidal load and the resonance phenomenon of the system under sinusoidal excitation are studied respectively. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and resonance frequency of the system under sinusoidal load are obtained by MATLAB simulation. Finally, the actual axis track is obtained on the sliding bearing test table. According to the experimental steps, the actual axial displacement data are obtained, the useful signals are extracted by FFT and analyzed, and the actual axis trajectory is drawn. The actual trajectory obtained from the experimental data is compared with the axis trajectory obtained by the theoretical calculation in this paper. The results show that the calculated results are consistent with the experimental results.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.31

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