本文選題：國產(chǎn)奧氏體不銹鋼 + 應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化　； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：奧氏體不銹鋼在壓力容器行業(yè)應(yīng)用日益廣泛,同時(shí)奧氏體不銹鋼又具有屈強(qiáng)比低,價(jià)格昂貴,塑性,韌性良好的特征。與常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)方法相比,應(yīng)用應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化設(shè)計(jì)的奧氏體不銹鋼壓力容器,可以減小容器設(shè)計(jì)壁厚,減輕容器重量,降低重容比,減少容器制造與運(yùn)輸過程中的能耗,實(shí)現(xiàn)容器的綠色制造,達(dá)到低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo)。 本文在參閱大量國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合企業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,通過對(duì)國產(chǎn)奧氏體不銹鋼06Cr19Ni10力學(xué)性能測(cè)試,研究應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化對(duì)材料力學(xué)性能的影響;結(jié)合材料試驗(yàn)結(jié)果并通過有限元分析了筒體,球殼及實(shí)際的容器模型在強(qiáng)化壓力下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變狀況;對(duì)比分析了國外的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并結(jié)合材料的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果及生產(chǎn)實(shí)際研究了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化奧氏體不銹鋼壓力容器的設(shè)計(jì)和制造工藝流程。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下: (1)國產(chǎn)奧氏體不銹鋼06Cr19Ni10力學(xué)性能測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,不同批次的鋼板應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化前后力學(xué)性能相差較大;經(jīng)應(yīng)變控制的預(yù)拉伸變形后,材料屈服極限可以達(dá)到預(yù)期值;隨著應(yīng)變程度的增加,材料的屈服極限不斷增加,塑性指標(biāo)包括斷后延伸率及斷面收縮率不斷下降;保壓使材料應(yīng)變量增加,并使屈服極限稍有增加,塑性指標(biāo)略有下降;預(yù)應(yīng)變量在10%以內(nèi)時(shí),強(qiáng)化后材料的斷后延伸率仍能滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求;在試驗(yàn)的應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化范圍內(nèi),強(qiáng)化后所有材料的常溫和低溫韌性都能滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求; (2)強(qiáng)化壓力下壓力容器應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析。容器在強(qiáng)化應(yīng)力下的周向應(yīng)變可以采用第四強(qiáng)度理論等效應(yīng)力與單軸拉伸的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng),并根據(jù)材料的真實(shí)應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線中對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)變來進(jìn)行換算;在Mises應(yīng)力相等的情況下柱體的周向應(yīng)變?yōu)閱蜗蚶煜聭?yīng)變的0.87倍,球殼的周向應(yīng)變?yōu)閱屋S拉伸下應(yīng)變的0.5倍;由于在同樣的強(qiáng)化應(yīng)力下,球殼的等效應(yīng)力大于筒體的等效應(yīng)力,因此球殼發(fā)生更多的應(yīng)變;分析了開孔容器在強(qiáng)化壓力下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變狀態(tài),橢圓形封頭存在強(qiáng)化不足的情況,不連續(xù)區(qū)存在一定的應(yīng)力集中但影響范圍較小,容器遠(yuǎn)離結(jié)構(gòu)不連續(xù)的區(qū)域可以達(dá)到預(yù)期強(qiáng)化效果; (3)分析了現(xiàn)有國外應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的異同,研究了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化壓力容器的設(shè)計(jì)方法,并將之應(yīng)用于容器的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例;與常規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì)相比,采用應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化技術(shù)可以有效降低容器的壁厚;同時(shí)結(jié)合奧氏體不銹鋼壓力容器的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)情況,研究了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化奧氏體不銹鋼壓力容器制造工藝流程。
[Abstract]:Austenitic stainless steel is widely used in pressure vessel industry, and austenitic stainless steel has the characteristics of low yield ratio, high price, good ductility and toughness. Compared with the conventional design method, the design of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessel by strain strengthening can reduce the design wall thickness, reduce the weight of the vessel, reduce the weight ratio, and reduce the energy consumption during the manufacture and transportation of the vessel. To achieve the green container manufacturing, to achieve the goal of low-carbon economy. In this paper, the effect of strain strengthening on mechanical properties of domestic austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 has been studied by referring to a large number of domestic and international literatures and combining with the production practice of the enterprise, through testing the mechanical properties of domestic austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10. Combined with the results of material test and finite element analysis, the stress and strain conditions of cylinder, spherical shell and actual vessel model under strengthened pressure are analyzed, and the relative standards of foreign countries are compared and analyzed. The design and manufacturing process of strain strengthened austenitic stainless steel pressure vessel were studied. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the mechanical properties of domestic austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 are tested. The test results show that the mechanical properties of different batches of steel plates are different before and after strain strengthening, the yield limit of the materials can reach the expected value after strain controlled pretensile deformation, and with the increase of strain degree, The yield limit of the material is increasing, the plastic index including the elongation after fracture and the shrinkage of the section are decreasing; the strain of the material is increased by keeping pressure, and the yield limit is slightly increased, and the plastic index is slightly decreased; when the prestrain is less than 10%, In the range of strain strengthening, the toughness of all the strengthened materials at room temperature and low temperature can meet the standard requirements; and the stress-strain analysis of pressure vessels under strengthened pressure can be achieved. The circumferential strain of the vessel under the strengthened stress can be converted according to the corresponding strain in the true stress-strain curve of the material by using the fourth strength theory and the stress state of uniaxial tension. When Mises stress is equal, the circumferential strain of cylinder is 0.87 times that of uniaxial tension, and the circumferential strain of spherical shell is 0.5 times that of uniaxial tension. Therefore, more strain occurs in the spherical shell, the stress and strain state of the perforated vessel under the strengthened pressure is analyzed, the elliptical head has the condition of insufficient strengthening, the stress concentration in the discontinuous region is certain but the influence range is relatively small. The expected strengthening effect can be achieved when the vessel is far away from the region with discontinuous structure. (3) the similarities and differences of the existing foreign strain-strengthening pressure vessel standards are analyzed, and the design method of the strain-strengthened pressure vessel is studied. Compared with the conventional design, the strain strengthening technique can effectively reduce the wall thickness of the vessel, and combine with the actual production of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessel. The manufacturing process of strain-strengthened austenitic stainless steel pressure vessel was studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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