本文選題：復雜工況　切入點：齒輪傳動　出處：《湖南大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：齒輪組件作為動力機械中傳遞功率的主要部件，主要起到支承轉(zhuǎn)動零件并傳遞運動、扭矩或彎矩的作用。由于齒輪嚙合力的周期性變化導致齒輪軸產(chǎn)生扭轉(zhuǎn)振動，從而導致齒輪軸肩與軸承內(nèi)圈之間的粘著-滑動摩擦失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象。隨著動力機械的持續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)，進而導致齒輪軸肩產(chǎn)生微動磨損。微動磨損普遍存在于各種機械裝備的運行中，經(jīng)常使零件的材料疲勞極限降低，是關鍵零部件失效的重要原因之一。在齒輪軸運轉(zhuǎn)過程中，齒輪軸與軸承構成的運動系統(tǒng)具有內(nèi)部參數(shù)變化、外加負載干擾、傳動系統(tǒng)中的摩擦干擾和模型的不確定性以及非線性的復雜特點。其扭振具有轉(zhuǎn)速低、承載大和干摩擦作用的典型特征，因此，齒輪軸在運轉(zhuǎn)過程中不可避免地出現(xiàn)扭振幅值和噪聲都大幅度增加的現(xiàn)象。以上影響因素導致齒輪軸運轉(zhuǎn)的均勻性差，容易使齒輪軸與軸承之間的接觸面產(chǎn)生微動，引起齒輪軸肩的微動磨損，嚴重的微動磨損造成齒輪軸的疲勞斷裂，從而使復雜動力設備產(chǎn)生機械故障。 因此，本文以國家“863”項目[2008AA11A116]、武器裝備預研重點基金項目[9140A2011QT4801]和校企合作項目“減速器傳動齒輪組件性能分析及優(yōu)化設計研究”為依托，對復雜工況下齒輪傳動機構中的齒輪軸肩與軸承接觸面之間的微動磨損現(xiàn)象進行了機理與數(shù)值計算相結合的研究，主要研究工作如下： （1）建立了復雜工況齒輪組件有限元仿真模型，對齒輪軸肩微動現(xiàn)象進行了有限元仿真分析，得到齒輪軸肩的應力場、應變場和溫度場的變化規(guī)律。仿真結果表明，接觸應力隨軸肩高度的增加而增大；軸向變形量和徑向變形量隨軸肩高度的增加而增大；齒輪軸肩的溫度場和熱應力場隨著齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速的增加而增大。 （2）建立了復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動摩擦失穩(wěn)模型和運動學方程，引入了摩擦失穩(wěn)阻尼比，得到齒輪軸肩微動摩擦失穩(wěn)的判別條件。在此基礎上建立了齒輪軸肩微觀扭振數(shù)值計算模型，分析了齒輪軸肩微觀扭振隨主要影響因素的變化規(guī)律。計算結果表明，載荷和轉(zhuǎn)速是導致齒輪軸肩微動摩擦失穩(wěn)的主要因素，并且齒輪軸肩的微動摩擦失穩(wěn)是造成齒輪軸肩表面微動磨損的主要原因。 （3）在復雜工況下齒輪傳動機構中的齒輪軸肩與軸承接觸特性和扭振摩擦運動特性分析的基礎上，研究了復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損機理并建立了齒輪軸肩微動磨損數(shù)學模型。在復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損數(shù)值計算的基礎上，，分析了預緊力矩、傳遞功率、過盈量、摩擦因數(shù)以及轉(zhuǎn)速等主要因素對齒輪軸肩微動磨損的影響。 （4）建立了復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損影響因素模糊灰色關聯(lián)分析模型，以多載荷工況下齒輪軸肩微動磨損量為模型的參考序列，多載荷工況下特征性能指標為模型的比較序列，對影響復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損性能的特征指標重要性程度進行了模糊灰色關聯(lián)度的研究。結果表明，即各主要因素對復雜工況齒輪傳動軸微動磨損的影響程度為傳遞功率＞轉(zhuǎn)速＞預緊力矩＞過盈量＞摩擦因數(shù)。 （5）構建了復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損量支持向量機預測方法，并采用自適應變權重粒子群優(yōu)化算法對其進行優(yōu)化。仿真與計算結果一致表明，基于自適應變權重粒子群優(yōu)化算法支持向量機的復雜工況齒輪軸肩微動磨損預測方法的均方根誤差為0.103%、平均相對誤差為2.06%，表明該預測方法精度較高，并對其進行了分析和實驗驗證。
[Abstract]:The main components of the gear assembly as power machinery in power transmission, mainly to support the rotating parts and transfer movement, torque or bending moment. Due to cyclical changes in force in gear meshing gear shaft torsional vibration, resulting in adhesion gear shaft shoulder and the inner ring of the bearing between the sliding friction with continued instability phenomenon. Operation of power machinery, which led to the gear shaft shoulder to produce fretting. Fretting wear exists in all kinds of machinery and equipment operation, often make the fatigue limit of material parts is reduced, is one of the important reasons for the failure of key parts in the gear shaft. During the operation, the movement system of gear shaft and bearing which has internal parameter variations. Load disturbance, friction disturbance and model characteristics of complex transmission system's uncertainty and nonlinear. The torsional vibration with low speed, large bearing capacity and dry friction The typical characteristics of rubbing functions so the gear shaft in the process of operation inevitably greatly increased torsional vibration amplitude and noise phenomenon. These factors lead to the uniformity of gear shaft is poor, easy to make the contact surface between the gear shaft and bearing the fretting induced fretting wear of gear shaft shoulder, serious the fretting wear caused by fatigue fracture of the gear shaft, so that the complicated power equipment from mechanical failure.
Therefore, based on the national "863" project [2008AA11A116], "and the school enterprise cooperation project [9140A2011QT4801] weapon equipment pre Research Foundation reducer gear assembly performance analysis and optimization research is based on the design research on the fretting wear phenomenon between the gear shaft shoulder between the bearing and gear transmission mechanism under complicated working conditions in the calculated mechanism with the combination of numerical, the main research work is as follows:
(1) a complex working gear assembly finite element simulation model of gear shaft fretting phenomenon finite element simulation analysis was carried out, get the gear shaft shoulder of the stress field, strain field and temperature field were studied. The simulation results show that the contact stress increases with the increase of the height of the shoulder; the increase of axial deformation and the radial deformation of the shaft shoulder height with increasing; the temperature field and thermal stress field of the gear shaft with increasing gear speed increases.
(2) a complex working gear shaft shoulder fretting friction instability model and kinematics equation, introduced friction instability damping ratio, get the gear shaft shoulder fretting friction loss criterion. Stability is established based on the numerical calculation model of gear shaft micro torsional vibration analysis of the gear shaft torsional vibration change with micro shoulder law of the main factors. The calculation results show that the load and speed is the cause of gear shaft fretting friction loss of the main factors of instability, and the fretting friction gear shaft shoulder instability is caused by the gear shaft shoulder surface fretting wear is the main reason.
(3) based on the complex condition of gear transmission of the gear shaft shoulder and the bearing contact characteristics and torsional vibration of friction motion characteristics, study the complex condition of gear shaft shoulder fretting wear mechanism and establishes the mathematical model of the gear shaft. The fretting wear based on complicated gear shaft fretting wear numerical calculation on the shoulder and analysis of the pre tightening torque, transmission power, the amount of interference, the main factor affecting the friction factor and the rotational speed of the gear shaft shoulder of fretting wear.
(4) a complex working gear shaft shoulder and the influence factors of fretting wear of fuzzy grey correlation analysis model, with the reference sequence of gear shaft shoulder fretting wear volume model under multi load cases, sequence comparison of performance characteristics of multi load model, influence on the complex working condition of gear shaft shoulder fretting wear performance indicators the importance of fuzzy grey correlation. The results showed that the main factors influence on the fretting wear of complicated gear transmission shaft for power transmission > > > speed tightening torque interference, friction factor.
(5) the construction of complex working gear shaft shoulder fretting wear volume support vector machine prediction method, and the adaptive weight particle swarm optimization to optimize the algorithm. The simulation and calculation results show that the adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm for support vector machine complex conditions of gear shaft fretting wear prediction method of RMS based on the error is 0.103%, the average relative error is 2.06%, indicating that the forecasting method has higher accuracy, and has carried on the analysis and experimental verification.

【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH132.41;TH117

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