本文關(guān)鍵詞： 工時(shí)定額 制造特征 虛擬零件 工時(shí)描述平臺(tái) 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和顧客受教育水平的提高，顧客不再像過去那樣只對(duì)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有要求，還要求產(chǎn)品具有新穎的外觀和多樣化的功能。因此，制造企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)已經(jīng)從賣方市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向買方市場(chǎng)，大規(guī)模定制(Mass Customization，MC)的生產(chǎn)模式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。MC生產(chǎn)模式在一定程度上提高了制造企業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的應(yīng)對(duì)能力，滿足了顧客快速、多樣的產(chǎn)品需求，但同時(shí)由產(chǎn)品種類的多樣化帶來的生產(chǎn)工藝的差異化與生產(chǎn)過程的動(dòng)態(tài)化、復(fù)雜化，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)難以對(duì)產(chǎn)品交貨期進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確判斷。造成這一問題的根本原因在于：復(fù)雜冗余、低效的傳統(tǒng)工時(shí)制定方法已經(jīng)不能精確地反映MC生產(chǎn)模式下產(chǎn)品的工時(shí)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃無法按期執(zhí)行，生產(chǎn)時(shí)間無法確定、產(chǎn)品交貨期無法預(yù)算、產(chǎn)品交貨期延遲的嚴(yán)重后果。因此，MC企業(yè)要在嚴(yán)峻的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中快速滿足顧客需求，必須重新思考工時(shí)定額的制定方法，以滿足MC生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下工時(shí)定額制定的高效性和準(zhǔn)確性，提高企業(yè)制造系統(tǒng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的反應(yīng)能力。 本文根據(jù)MC生產(chǎn)模式下制造系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，在傳統(tǒng)工時(shí)定額制定方法的基礎(chǔ)上，以產(chǎn)品族零件為研究對(duì)象，提出了以零件制造特征為載體的工時(shí)定額制定新方法。該方法遵循由部分到整體、由具體到抽象的思想，以零件的制造特征為準(zhǔn)則，運(yùn)用零件相似性判定和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)，，提高了工時(shí)制定的高效性和準(zhǔn)確性。首先，通過分析MC環(huán)境下制造系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，提出了零件制造特征的概念，并將其作為新方法的工時(shí)載體；其次，為了保證方法的高效性，根據(jù)MC生產(chǎn)模式下的零件設(shè)計(jì)和制造理論，建立了零件的制造特征模型，并研究了基于零件制造特征的零件相似性判定，該判定著眼于零件本身的兩個(gè)信息層次：零件的類型和零件材料、零件制造特征模型；第三，定義了虛擬零件和工時(shí)描述平臺(tái)的概念，給出了虛擬零件的構(gòu)建規(guī)則，運(yùn)用事物特性表技術(shù)為每一個(gè)虛擬零件建立零件工時(shí)描述平臺(tái)，對(duì)每個(gè)零件組內(nèi)所有零件的工時(shí)及其影響因素進(jìn)行描述；第四，為了保證方法的準(zhǔn)確性，運(yùn)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)了零件的工時(shí)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)并建立了模型，并對(duì)運(yùn)用MATLAB軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)零件工時(shí)定額的估算進(jìn)行了研究；最后，通過案例闡述了新方法的具體操作過程。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of the education level of customers, customers no longer only require the quality of products as they used to, but also require the products to have novel appearance and diversified functions. The market dominance of manufacturing enterprises has shifted from the seller's market to the buyer's market. The production mode of mass customization mass customization (MC) has emerged as the times require. The production model of MC has to a certain extent improved the ability of manufacturing enterprises to respond to the market and satisfied the rapid development of customers. The diversity of product demand, but at the same time, the differentiation of production process and the dynamic and complicated of production process brought by the diversification of product types, It is difficult for enterprises to accurately judge the delivery time of products. The root cause of this problem lies in the fact that the complicated redundancy and inefficient traditional man-hour formulation method can no longer accurately reflect the working hours of products under the MC production mode. As a result, the production plan can not be carried out on schedule, the production time can not be determined, the product delivery date can not be budgeted, and the product delivery date is delayed. Therefore, the MC enterprise should meet the customer's demand quickly in the severe market competition. In order to meet the efficiency and accuracy of the establishment of man-hour quota in MC production environment, it is necessary to reconsider the method of establishing man-hour quota, and to improve the ability of enterprise manufacturing system to react to the market. According to the characteristics of manufacturing system in MC production mode and on the basis of the traditional method of establishing man-hour quota, this paper takes the parts of product family as the research object. In this paper, a new method of making man-hour quota based on parts manufacturing features is put forward. The method follows the idea of from part to whole, from concrete to abstract, and takes the manufacturing feature of parts as the criterion, and applies the techniques of part similarity judgment and neural network, etc. It improves the efficiency and accuracy of man-hour making. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of manufacturing system in MC environment, the concept of part manufacturing feature is put forward and used as the man-hour carrier of the new method; secondly, in order to ensure the high efficiency of the method, According to the theory of part design and manufacturing in MC production mode, the manufacturing feature model of parts is established, and the similarity judgment of parts based on manufacturing features of parts is studied. The decision focuses on the two levels of information of the part itself: the type of the part, the material of the part, the manufacturing feature model of the part; thirdly, the concept of virtual part and man-hour description platform is defined, and the construction rules of the virtual part are given. In order to ensure the accuracy of the method, a part man-hour description platform is established for each virtual part by using the table-of-things technique to describe the man-hour and its influencing factors of all the parts in each part group. 4th, in order to ensure the accuracy of the method, the neural network technology is used. The man-hour neural network structure of the parts is designed and the model is established, and the estimation of the man-hour quota of the parts using MATLAB software is studied. Finally, the concrete operation process of the new method is explained through a case study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH16;TP391.72

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