本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超高速磨削 主軸系統(tǒng) 動(dòng)靜壓軸承 CFD分析 模態(tài)分析　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超高速磨削是二十世紀(jì)八十年代發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種高新磨削加工技術(shù),自面世以來(lái),該技術(shù)就受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界和制造業(yè)的極大關(guān)注。與傳統(tǒng)的磨削加工相比,超高速磨削加工在提高生產(chǎn)率,減少產(chǎn)品在磨削加工過(guò)程中的熱變形、熱應(yīng)力、減輕磨削力、減輕和消除加工設(shè)備和磨具在加工過(guò)程中的振動(dòng),以及實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度、高質(zhì)量零件的加工等諸多方面具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 超高速磨床所能達(dá)到的最高磨削速度極限很大程度取決于主軸單元的性能,而軸承的性能也是至關(guān)重要。液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承,綜合了靜壓軸承和動(dòng)壓軸承的特點(diǎn),具有磨損小、承載能力大、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、速度范圍寬、動(dòng)態(tài)特性好以及剛度高等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn),在超高速磨削機(jī)床上的得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。研究動(dòng)靜壓軸承的支撐性能具有實(shí)際的應(yīng)用意義。一方面,軸承的承載力和剛度直接影響機(jī)床的加工精度及工作的穩(wěn)定性；另一方面,隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的進(jìn)一步提高,軸承的發(fā)熱量增大,油膜的不穩(wěn)定性提高,易造成“抱軸”、“刮軸”等惡性事故。鑒于此本文對(duì)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承及主軸系統(tǒng)做了如下研究： (1)針對(duì)超高速磨削用液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承承載的復(fù)雜性,應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件FLUENT對(duì)超高速磨削用五腔動(dòng)靜壓軸承進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究,得到了動(dòng)靜壓軸承內(nèi)部壓力場(chǎng)分布,然后進(jìn)一步計(jì)算了軸承的承載力、溫度、剛度、阻尼等動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù),并進(jìn)一步分析了這些動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)與偏心率以及轉(zhuǎn)速之間的關(guān)系,即,在保持供油壓力和軸承偏心率不變的情況下,隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提高,油溫上升,軸承承載力及偏位角不斷增大；在保持供油壓力和主軸轉(zhuǎn)速不變的情況下,隨著偏心率的增大,軸承流量有所減少,軸承的承載能力不斷增大,偏位角基本保持不變。 (2)針對(duì)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承溫升機(jī)理的復(fù)雜性,應(yīng)用FLUENT對(duì)油膜的熱特性進(jìn)行了CFD(計(jì)算流體力學(xué))分析,獲得了不同輸入狀態(tài)下的油膜溫度場(chǎng)分布,并在此基礎(chǔ)上得出了油膜溫度特性隨輸入?yún)?shù)變化的規(guī)律,分析表明：油膜溫升與轉(zhuǎn)速和偏心率為正比例超線性關(guān)系,與供油壓力為反比例關(guān)系,與供油溫度為近似正比例線性關(guān)系。最后運(yùn)用正交試驗(yàn),分析了各輸入?yún)?shù)的顯著性,結(jié)果表明：主軸轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)溫升的影響最顯著。 (3)針對(duì)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承支撐的超高速磨削主軸系統(tǒng)工作的特殊性,考慮到主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)速度高及液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承的變剛度支撐,應(yīng)用有限元分析軟件ANSYS建立了超高速磨床主軸系統(tǒng)的三維有限元模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得到了各階固有頻率及振型。最后通過(guò)設(shè)置不同轉(zhuǎn)速下軸承的支撐剛度,獲得了主軸系統(tǒng)模態(tài)分析結(jié)果,并利用圖解法求解出主軸系統(tǒng)的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速。分析結(jié)果表明：主軸系統(tǒng)在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)下,系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)剛度會(huì)發(fā)生變化,使得主軸系統(tǒng)的固有頻率發(fā)生改變,并且隨著轉(zhuǎn)速提高差異越顯著。 (4)應(yīng)用動(dòng)態(tài)信號(hào)分析儀對(duì)超高速磨床主軸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)測(cè)試,獲得了主軸系統(tǒng)的各階固有頻率,并對(duì)比了仿真分析結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了主軸系統(tǒng)有限元分析的準(zhǔn)確性和可行性,以及CFD分析獲得的動(dòng)靜壓軸承動(dòng)態(tài)特性參數(shù)的可靠性,并分析了產(chǎn)生誤差的原因。
[Abstract]:Ultra high speed grinding is a new grinding technology developed in the 1980s, since the launch, the technology has attracted great attention in academic circles at home and abroad and manufacturing industry. Compared with the traditional grinding, ultra-high speed grinding process can increase the productivity, reduce the product in the grinding process of the thermal deformation and thermal stress force, grinding force is reduced, to reduce and eliminate the vibration processing equipment and tools in the machining process, and achieve high precision, has the advantage of high quality parts processing and other aspects.
The performance of ultra high speed grinding machine can achieve the highest grinding speed limit depends on the spindle, and the bearing performance is also very important. The liquid hybrid bearing, the comprehensive characteristics of hydrostatic bearing and hydrodynamic bearing, has small abrasion, large bearing capacity, long service life, wide speed range, and good dynamic characteristics stiffness advantages in ultra high speed grinding machine has been widely used. The significance of application of supporting performance of hydrostatic bearing has practical. On the one hand, the bearing capacity and stiffness of the bearing directly affects the machining precision and working stability of machine tool; on the other hand, with the increase of speed, fever the increase of bearing capacity, improve the oil film instability caused by "axle", "scraping axis" and other accidents. In view of this paper of hybrid bearing spindle system and do the following research:
(1) according to the complexity of ultra high speed grinding with liquid hydrostatic bearing, the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT for ultra high speed grinding with five cavity bearing the dynamic characteristics of research, has been bearing the internal pressure distribution, and then further calculated the bearing capacity, bearing temperature, stiffness, damping etc. the dynamic parameters, and further analysis of the relationship between these parameters and the dynamic eccentricity ratio and speed, while maintaining the supply pressure and bearing eccentricity is constant, with the increase of rotational speed, oil temperature rise, and the offset angle of increasing bearing force; while maintaining the supply pressure and spindle speed unchanged. With the increase of eccentricity, bearing flow decrease, the bearing capacity is increasing, the deviation angle remained basically unchanged.
(2) according to the complexity of the liquid hybrid bearing temperature rise mechanism, thermal characteristics of FLUENT application on the oil film of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, oil film temperature distribution in different input state are obtained and analyzed and based on the temperature characteristics of the oil film with the input parameters of the law, show that with the speed and eccentricity ratio is super linear relationship between oil film temperature rise, and the oil pressure is inversely proportional to temperature, and the oil was nearly proportional linear relationship. Finally using orthogonal test, significance, analysis of the input parameters. The results showed that the most significant effect of spindle speed on the temperature rise.
(3) according to the particularity of the liquid hybrid bearing support of ultra high speed grinding spindle system, taking into account the high spindle rotation speed and liquid hydrostatic bearing variable stiffness support, finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of ultra high speed spindle system, and carries on the modal analysis. Get the natural frequency and vibration mode. Finally, by setting the different speed of bearing support stiffness, the spindle system modal analysis results, and the use of the graphic method of critical speed of the spindle system. Analysis results show that the spindle system under high rotation speed, the system stiffness of the structure will change, so the natural frequency of the spindle system is changed, and with the rotational speed difference is more obvious.
(4) the application of dynamic signal analyzer of vibration test on super high speed grinder spindle system, obtained the natural frequency of the spindle system, and compared the simulation results, verify the accuracy and feasibility of the spindle system of finite element analysis, and reliability analysis for CFD dynamic static pressure bearing dynamic characteristics parameters, and analysis the cause of the error.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TG580.23;TH133.3

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