本文關(guān)鍵詞： 故障診斷 滾動(dòng)軸承 共振解調(diào) 瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速 階比譜　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：滾動(dòng)軸承在旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械中應(yīng)用廣泛,是高鐵、精密機(jī)床、大型風(fēng)電等重大裝備的核心部件。我國(guó)是軸承生產(chǎn)和使用大國(guó),但是在高速重載精密軸承設(shè)計(jì)、制造、故障診斷方面基礎(chǔ)薄弱。加強(qiáng)對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承失效機(jī)理的研究,發(fā)展面向服役工況下的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷方法具有十分重要的意義。本文重點(diǎn)研究了基于共振解調(diào)原理和轉(zhuǎn)速階比譜分析的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷原理與方法,主要完成以下兩個(gè)方面的工作： 1)基于共振解調(diào)原理的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷方法研究； 在恒定轉(zhuǎn)速下對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承進(jìn)行診斷時(shí),共振解調(diào)法是一種行之有效的方法。論文在分析滾動(dòng)軸承失效形式和機(jī)理、故障軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)特點(diǎn)及其特征頻率、振動(dòng)信號(hào)測(cè)量方案的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)論述共振解調(diào)法的基本原理、希爾伯特解調(diào)算法、帶通濾波器中心頻率的選擇原則以及具體實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟,并用凱斯西儲(chǔ)大學(xué)軸承實(shí)驗(yàn)室的故障軸承的振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明共振解調(diào)法能有效識(shí)別軸承故障,論文提出的帶通濾波器中心頻率選擇原則合理。 2)基于轉(zhuǎn)速階比譜分析的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷方法研究。 當(dāng)主軸轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)生變化時(shí),軸承的特征譜線(xiàn)被轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)制,模糊不清,常規(guī)的振動(dòng)法無(wú)法有效識(shí)別出軸承的故障。滾動(dòng)軸承發(fā)生局部故障時(shí),除產(chǎn)生沖擊振動(dòng)外,還會(huì)引起瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速的波動(dòng)。論文抓住瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速含有軸承故障信息這個(gè)特點(diǎn),研究了基于等角度采樣的軸承瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量方法,建立了滾動(dòng)軸承階比譜,提出基于故障特征階比分析的滾動(dòng)軸承故障識(shí)別理論。然后設(shè)計(jì)了滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置、調(diào)試了相關(guān)測(cè)試電路,編制了測(cè)量軟件,利用該法對(duì)型號(hào)為6304的外圈故障軸承進(jìn)行了故障診斷。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該方法可望為變速轉(zhuǎn)子的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷提供一種嶄新的途徑。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearings are widely used in rotating machinery and are the core components of heavy equipment such as high-speed rail, precision machine tools, large-scale wind power, etc. China is a big country in bearing production and use, but it is designed and manufactured in high-speed and heavy-duty precision bearings. The foundation of fault diagnosis is weak. Strengthen the research on the failure mechanism of rolling bearing, It is of great significance to develop fault diagnosis methods for rolling bearings under service conditions. This paper focuses on the principles and methods of fault diagnosis for rolling bearings based on resonance demodulation principle and rotational speed order spectrum analysis. The main tasks are as follows:. 1) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on resonance demodulation principle; The resonance demodulation method is an effective method for the diagnosis of rolling bearing at constant rotational speed. This paper analyzes the failure form and mechanism of rolling bearing, the characteristics and characteristic frequency of vibration signal of fault bearing. Based on the measurement scheme of vibration signal, the basic principle of resonance demodulation method, Hilbert demodulation algorithm, the selection principle of center frequency of band-pass filter and the concrete realization steps are discussed. The vibration data of the fault bearing in the bearing laboratory of case Western Reserve University are simulated. The results show that the resonance demodulation method can effectively identify the bearing fault. The principle of selecting the center frequency of the band-pass filter proposed in this paper is reasonable. 2) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on rotational speed order spectrum analysis. When the spindle speed changes, the characteristic spectral line of the bearing is modulated by the rotational speed, so the conventional vibration method can not effectively identify the bearing fault. In this paper, the instantaneous speed measurement method based on constant angle sampling is studied, and the order ratio spectrum of rolling bearing is established. The theory of rolling bearing fault identification based on fault characteristic order analysis is put forward, and then the experimental device for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is designed, the related test circuit is debugged, and the measuring software is developed. The method is used to diagnose the fault of the outer ring bearing with model 6304. The experimental results show that the method is expected to provide a new way for the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing of the variable speed rotor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH133.33

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