本文關(guān)鍵詞： 故障診斷 滾動軸承 共振解調(diào) 瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速 階比譜　出處：《浙江大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：滾動軸承在旋轉(zhuǎn)機械中應用廣泛,是高鐵、精密機床、大型風電等重大裝備的核心部件。我國是軸承生產(chǎn)和使用大國,但是在高速重載精密軸承設(shè)計、制造、故障診斷方面基礎(chǔ)薄弱。加強對滾動軸承失效機理的研究,發(fā)展面向服役工況下的滾動軸承故障診斷方法具有十分重要的意義。本文重點研究了基于共振解調(diào)原理和轉(zhuǎn)速階比譜分析的滾動軸承故障診斷原理與方法,主要完成以下兩個方面的工作： 1)基于共振解調(diào)原理的滾動軸承故障診斷方法研究； 在恒定轉(zhuǎn)速下對滾動軸承進行診斷時,共振解調(diào)法是一種行之有效的方法。論文在分析滾動軸承失效形式和機理、故障軸承振動信號特點及其特征頻率、振動信號測量方案的基礎(chǔ)上,重點論述共振解調(diào)法的基本原理、希爾伯特解調(diào)算法、帶通濾波器中心頻率的選擇原則以及具體實現(xiàn)步驟,并用凱斯西儲大學軸承實驗室的故障軸承的振動數(shù)據(jù)進行了仿真實驗,結(jié)果表明共振解調(diào)法能有效識別軸承故障,論文提出的帶通濾波器中心頻率選擇原則合理。 2)基于轉(zhuǎn)速階比譜分析的滾動軸承故障診斷方法研究。 當主軸轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)生變化時,軸承的特征譜線被轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)制,模糊不清,常規(guī)的振動法無法有效識別出軸承的故障。滾動軸承發(fā)生局部故障時,除產(chǎn)生沖擊振動外,還會引起瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速的波動。論文抓住瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速含有軸承故障信息這個特點,研究了基于等角度采樣的軸承瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速測量方法,建立了滾動軸承階比譜,提出基于故障特征階比分析的滾動軸承故障識別理論。然后設(shè)計了滾動軸承故障診斷的實驗裝置、調(diào)試了相關(guān)測試電路,編制了測量軟件,利用該法對型號為6304的外圈故障軸承進行了故障診斷。實驗結(jié)果表明該方法可望為變速轉(zhuǎn)子的滾動軸承故障診斷提供一種嶄新的途徑。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearings are widely used in rotating machinery and are the core components of heavy equipment such as high-speed rail, precision machine tools, large-scale wind power, etc. China is a big country in bearing production and use, but it is designed and manufactured in high-speed and heavy-duty precision bearings. The foundation of fault diagnosis is weak. Strengthen the research on the failure mechanism of rolling bearing, It is of great significance to develop fault diagnosis methods for rolling bearings under service conditions. This paper focuses on the principles and methods of fault diagnosis for rolling bearings based on resonance demodulation principle and rotational speed order spectrum analysis. The main tasks are as follows:. 1) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on resonance demodulation principle; The resonance demodulation method is an effective method for the diagnosis of rolling bearing at constant rotational speed. This paper analyzes the failure form and mechanism of rolling bearing, the characteristics and characteristic frequency of vibration signal of fault bearing. Based on the measurement scheme of vibration signal, the basic principle of resonance demodulation method, Hilbert demodulation algorithm, the selection principle of center frequency of band-pass filter and the concrete realization steps are discussed. The vibration data of the fault bearing in the bearing laboratory of case Western Reserve University are simulated. The results show that the resonance demodulation method can effectively identify the bearing fault. The principle of selecting the center frequency of the band-pass filter proposed in this paper is reasonable. 2) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on rotational speed order spectrum analysis. When the spindle speed changes, the characteristic spectral line of the bearing is modulated by the rotational speed, so the conventional vibration method can not effectively identify the bearing fault. In this paper, the instantaneous speed measurement method based on constant angle sampling is studied, and the order ratio spectrum of rolling bearing is established. The theory of rolling bearing fault identification based on fault characteristic order analysis is put forward, and then the experimental device for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is designed, the related test circuit is debugged, and the measuring software is developed. The method is used to diagnose the fault of the outer ring bearing with model 6304. The experimental results show that the method is expected to provide a new way for the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing of the variable speed rotor.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.33

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