本文關鍵詞： 聲振耦合 隔振降噪 自由阻尼 約束阻尼 低頻振動　出處：《沈陽工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活的發(fā)展，水泵系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為人們生活中所必不可少的一部分。水泵系統(tǒng)運轉時產(chǎn)生的振動和噪音已經(jīng)成為人們生活中一種新的污染。尤其是隨著建筑結構趨向于簡潔化、輕薄化，將系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的振動及噪音去除至達到人們的要求顯得越來越困難。本文引入并推導了聲振耦合理論，針對實踐中難以解決的低頻振動與低頻噪聲問題進行分析，將聲振耦合理論應用于供熱循環(huán)泵系統(tǒng)實際工況中，定性并定量地分析了振動與聲場之間的相互影響。本文將聲振耦合效應分兩方向進行討論，即聲場環(huán)境對系統(tǒng)振動特性的影響以及系統(tǒng)振動對聲場分布情況的影響。此外，鑒于水泵管道系統(tǒng)振動信號的復雜性，為了更準確地從復雜復合信號中提取出水泵管道系統(tǒng)振動信號，提出了基于噪聲輔助集合的門限自回歸模型延拓經(jīng)驗模式分解算法(E-TAR-EMD)分析提取振動特征，以便于進一步的聲振耦合分析。 首先，應用聲振耦合有限元理論推導并計算聲場對振動模態(tài)的影響，使用有限元軟件Patran結合Virtual lab分析軟件仿真計算噪聲聲場環(huán)境對水泵常見管路的振動模態(tài)的影響情況，并搭建模仿實際工況下的供熱循環(huán)泵系統(tǒng)的實驗臺，以該實驗臺運轉情況為例進行實驗驗證。理論分析與實驗驗證結果表明，噪聲聲場會對處于其中的管路的振動模態(tài)有較大影響，引起振動峰值頻率的偏移。在不同頻率下，由聲場附加載荷引起管路的附加位移相差很多。聲振強耦合頻率段主要集中在300Hz中頻段，這一點實際測量與理論推導基本相符，對改進隔振措施有指導意義。 之后，本文以實際工程為背景，采用聲振耦合邊界元理論分析樓板振動對通過樓板后的聲場的影響。針對實際工程中難以解決的噪聲通過樓板后在某些頻段存在非正常峰值的問題進行了分析與討論，并指出此問題原因在于室內聲場與機組運行將振動傳遞給樓板，而樓板振動的同時輻射聲波與透過樓板的聲波產(chǎn)生疊加，從而影響了樓板的投射聲場分布。為準確獲取樓板振動信號用于進一步分析，本文應用基于噪聲輔助集合的門限自回歸模型延拓經(jīng)驗模式分解算法(E-TAR-EMD)對采集到的復雜復合信號進行提取，從而獲得了較準確的樓板振動特性。在此基礎上，分別計算樓板透射聲波與樓板振動輻射聲波的傳遞規(guī)律與聲場分布情況，并將兩種聲波傳遞規(guī)律進行疊加，，對聲場分布情況進行耦合計算，得到不同頻段下測點附近的聲壓級云圖。將運算結果與實際測量結果對比，符合程度良好，從而證明了樓板振動對測點附近聲場的影響，解釋了某些頻段聲音難以消除的原因。 最后，針對實際工程中普遍存在的管道低頻振動噪聲問題，建立了數(shù)學模型，分析了傳統(tǒng)彈簧隔振措施不能夠完善解決管道低頻振動噪聲問題的原因，提出采用阻尼措施來吸收振動能量，實現(xiàn)減振與降噪的方案。提出自由阻尼與約束阻尼兩種阻尼措施，在微觀角度分別推導了兩種阻尼措施的耗能機理與隔振效果，對兩種不同機理的阻尼措施進行了參數(shù)化分析。在理論分析的基礎上，以阻尼變形量為目標函數(shù)進行了參數(shù)優(yōu)化實驗驗證。理論分析與實驗驗證結果表明，在同等條件下，約束阻尼措施的總體隔振效果要優(yōu)于自由阻尼措施，不同材料參數(shù)對隔振效果有較大影響，對今后的阻尼措施及其優(yōu)化具有重要的參考價值，對水泵系統(tǒng)振動噪聲治理手段的發(fā)展具有重大意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of people's life, the water pump system has become a part of the indispensable to people's life. The noise and vibration caused by the operation of the water pump system has become a new pollution in people's lives. Especially with the building structure tend to be simple, lightweight, vibration and noise will be generated to reach people removal system the requirement is more and more difficult. This paper introduces and deduces the acoustic coupling theory, according to the analysis of low frequency vibration and noise problems are difficult to solve in practice, the acoustic coupling theory is applied to the actual working condition of heating circulating pump system, the relationship between vibration and sound field of the qualitative and quantitative analysis. This paper will sound vibration in two direction are discussed, the sound environmental impact on the vibration characteristics of the system and the influence of system vibration on the sound field distribution. In addition, in view of the pump pipe The complexity of vibration signal of the system, in order to accurately extract the signal from the complex vibration signals of pump pipeline system, put forward the noise assisted set threshold auto regression model based on extension of empirical mode decomposition (E-TAR-EMD) algorithm to extract the features of vibration analysis, in order to facilitate the acoustic coupling of further analysis.
First of all, influence of the application of acoustic coupling finite element theory and field calculation of vibration mode, influence the use of finite element software Patran combining with Virtual lab analysis and calculation of noise environment on the pump vibration mode of common pipeline simulation software, and set up the experimental platform to imitate the heating circulating pump system of actual working conditions, in the experiment Taiwan operation experiments were carried out as an example. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the noise will have great influence on the vibration mode in the pipeline, caused by vibration of the peak frequency offset. Under different frequencies, the additional displacement of the pipeline caused by sound additional loads a lot of difference. The acoustic vibration frequency is mainly concentrated in strong coupling in the 300Hz band, a practical measurement is consistent with the basic theory, guiding significance to the improvement of isolation measures.
After that, this paper takes the actual project as the background, using the coupled boundary element theory of sound and vibration analysis of influence of floor vibration through the floor after the noise in the sound field. It is difficult to solve in practical engineering through the floor after the non normal peak problem in certain frequency band are analyzed and discussed, and pointed out that the cause of this issue lies in the operating room sound field with the unit to transmit the vibration to the floor, and the floor vibration and radiation of acoustic waves and sound waves through the floor of the stack, thus affecting the projection field distribution. In order to obtain the floor slab vibration signal for further analysis, the application of noise assisted set threshold auto regression model based on extension of empirical mode decomposition algorithm (E-TAR-EMD) complex of the collected signals were extracted to obtain the floor vibration characteristics accurately. On this basis, calculate the acoustic transmission and the floor Transfer law and sound field distribution of acoustic radiation floor vibration, and two kinds of acoustic transmission rules were superimposed, coupling calculation on acoustic field distribution, obtained under different frequency bands measured sound pressure level near the point cloud. The operation results and actual measurement results, good agreement, which proves the influence of floor vibration measuring points near field, explains why some band sound difficult to eliminate.
Finally, aiming at the pipeline exists in practical engineering of low frequency vibration noise problem, a mathematical model is established, the analysis of the traditional spring vibration isolation measures can not improve the reason and solve the problems of vibration and noise of pipeline frequency, the damping measures to absorb vibration energy, reduce vibration and noise reduction scheme. Put forward two kinds of free damping and constrained damping the damping measures in microcosmic angle are deduced the energy dissipation mechanism of two kinds of damping measures and the effect of vibration isolation, damping mechanism of two different measures of parametric analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the deformation of the damping parameter optimization experiment for the objective function. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the and under the same conditions, the overall measure of constrained damping vibration isolation effect is better than that of free damping measures, different material parameters have great influence on the effect of vibration isolation, damping for the future The measures and its optimization have important reference value, and it is of great significance to the development of the vibration and noise control methods of the pump system.

【學位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH38

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