【摘要】：隨著電氣設(shè)備高速化和高效化時代的來臨,傳統(tǒng)無取向電工鋼的磁性能,特別是中高牌號高鐵損、低磁感的性能已經(jīng)很難滿足人們的需要。工業(yè)大生產(chǎn)中,一般采用凈化鋼水、減少雜質(zhì)和獲得均勻的晶粒尺寸等方法來提高無取向電工鋼的磁性能,而很少通過控制織構(gòu)的方法來獲得良好的磁性能。由于具有兩個易磁化方向,{100}織構(gòu)能夠同時降低鐵損并提高磁感,因此在無取向電工鋼中獲得強{100}織構(gòu)是制備低鐵損、高磁感新型無取向電工鋼的最佳途徑,才能真正解決目前無取向電工鋼進一步發(fā)展所面臨的窘境。 制備{100}織構(gòu)的方法主要有表面能法、應(yīng)變能法、兩階段脫碳退火法、兩階段冷軋退火法、交叉軋制法、雙輥薄帶連鑄法等,其中表面能法又包括真空脫錳法、化學(xué)反應(yīng)誘導(dǎo)法和高溫退火法。由于工期長、工藝復(fù)雜、設(shè)備要求高等一系列的劣勢,使得{100}織構(gòu)無取向電工鋼的生產(chǎn)到目前為止還很難應(yīng)用于社會化大生產(chǎn)。 本文通過成分和工藝改進,以低碳中硅和超低碳兩種成分體系的無取向電工鋼為研究材料,分別采用脫碳退火工藝和緩慢冷卻相變工藝來嘗試制備具有強{100}織構(gòu)的無取向電工鋼。對于低碳中硅體系無取向電工鋼,采用濕氫氣氛脫碳退火難以獲得{100}織構(gòu),最終在0.50mm厚的成品板中獲得了強{111}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織,成品磁性能較差,其鐵損和磁感分別達到4.49W·kg-1和1.69T；改進工藝,首先將熱軋板在高溫奧氏體相區(qū)保溫退火,隨后進行冷軋并變換濕氫脫碳氣氛為純氫氣氛,最終在0.35mm厚的成品板中獲得了{100}織構(gòu)近似的柱狀晶組織,磁性能較相同成分的35A550(P15/50=3.50Wkg-1, B50=1.69T)牌號工業(yè)大生產(chǎn)成品得到了極大的改善,其鐵損和磁感分別達到2.60W·kg-1和1.76T。對于超低碳體系無取向電工鋼,在純氫氣氣氛中進行緩慢冷卻γ→α相變退火,獲得了完整的{100}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織,并在成分為Fe-0.5%Mn的0.50mm無取向電工鋼中成功的制備出了強{100}織構(gòu)無取向電工鋼,其鐵損和磁感分別達到4.30W·kg-1和1.80T,較相同成分的50WW1000(P15/50=6.7W@kg-1, B50=1.74T)牌號工業(yè)大生產(chǎn)成品,不僅鐵損提高了近3個牌號,磁感也有大幅度的提升。 對于低碳中硅體系無取向電工鋼,一方面,由于其相變點較低,兩相區(qū)較寬,熱軋后形成了明顯的帶狀組織,這對后續(xù)組織的均勻性和織構(gòu)的改善極為不利；另一方面,在濕氫氣氛脫碳退火過程中,由于硅在表面發(fā)生氧化形成SiO2氧化膜,抑制了有利織構(gòu)的形成和發(fā)展,故最終獲得了磁性能較差的強{111}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織；改進工藝,首先將熱軋板在高溫奧氏體相區(qū)保溫退火以粗化初始晶粒并消除熱軋帶狀組織對后續(xù)織構(gòu)演變的不利影響,隨后進行冷軋并改變濕氫脫碳退火氣氛為純氫氣氛以弱化硅元素在表面氧化的影響,最終在應(yīng)變能各向異性的驅(qū)動下獲得了{100}織構(gòu)近似的柱狀晶組織。對于超低碳成分體系無取向電工鋼,通過在純氫氣氣氛中進行緩慢冷卻相變退火,由于氫氣高的熱傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)能夠產(chǎn)生大的溫度梯度和沿ND方向分布的應(yīng)變能,在相變過程中,應(yīng)變能各向異性驅(qū)動{100}取向核心在試樣表面形成,并且沿ND方向不斷向內(nèi)生長,最終形成完整的{100}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織。此外研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),不同氣氛條件下Fe-0.5%Mn鋼的表面氧化行為不同,這對最終相變方式、組織和織構(gòu)均有顯著的影響；純氫氣氛下為“定向型相變”,氣氛流量較大時獲得{100}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織,而流量較小時獲得{100}+{110}織構(gòu)柱狀晶組織；純氮氣氛下為“整體型相變”,最終獲得{111}織構(gòu)等軸晶組織。 相比于之前的方法,相變法制備{100}織構(gòu)柱狀晶無取向電工鋼具有磁性能優(yōu)良、工藝簡單易操作等優(yōu)點,為未來無取向電工鋼的發(fā)展指明了方向。
[Abstract]:With the advent of high speed and high efficiency of electrical equipment, the magnetic performance of traditional non-oriented electrical steel, especially the high-grade high-speed iron loss, has been difficult to meet the needs of people. In the industrial mass production, the method of purifying the molten steel, reducing the impurity and obtaining the uniform grain size is generally adopted to improve the magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel, and a good magnetic property is rarely obtained by controlling the texture. Due to the two easy-to-magnetization directions, the {100} texture can reduce the iron loss and improve the magnetic sense, therefore, obtaining the strong {100} texture in the non-oriented electrical steel is the best way to produce low iron loss, high magnetic induction and non-oriented electrical steel. In ord to solve that problem of the further development of the current non-oriented electrical steel. The method for preparing {100} texture mainly includes surface energy method, strain energy method, two-stage decarbonization annealing method, two-stage cold rolling annealing method, cross rolling method, double-roll thin strip continuous casting method, etc., wherein the surface energy method also includes vacuum demanganization process, chemical reaction quenching method and high-temperature annealing Due to a series of disadvantages such as long construction period, complex process and high equipment requirement, the production of {100} texture non-oriented electrical steel is very hard to be applied to the socialization of great students. In this paper, through the improvement of composition and process, the non-oriented electrical steel of low-carbon medium silicon and ultra-low-carbon two-component system is used as the research material, and the non-orientation with strong {100} texture is tried by means of a decarburization annealing process and a slow cooling phase change process, respectively. For the non-oriented electrical steel of the low-carbon medium silicon system, it is difficult to obtain {100} texture with a wet hydrogen atmosphere, and a strong {111} texture is obtained in the finished plate with a thickness of 0.50 mm. The magnetic performance of the finished product is poor. The iron loss and the magnetic induction of the finished product reach 4.49 W 路 kg-1 and 1.69T, respectively. The process comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out heat preservation and annealing on a hot-rolled plate in a high-temperature austenite phase region, then carrying out cold-rolling and transforming the wet-hydrogen decarburization atmosphere into a pure hydrogen atmosphere, finally obtaining a {100}-texture approximate columnar crystal structure in a 0.35-mm-thick finished product plate, and the magnetic energy of 35 A550 (P15/50 = 3.50 Wk) with the same composition G-1, B50 = 1.69T), and the iron loss and magnetic induction of the finished product were 2.60 W 路 kg-1 and 1, respectively. 76 T. For the non-oriented electrical steel of the ultra-low carbon system, a complete {100} texture amorphous structure was obtained in the pure hydrogen atmosphere, and the {100} texture was not oriented successfully in the 0.50 mm non-oriented electrical steel with the composition of Fe-0.5% Mn. The iron loss and magnetic induction of the electrical steel respectively reach 4.30W 路 kg-1 and 1.80T, and the 50 WW1000 (P15/50 = 6.7W@kg-1, B50 = 1.74T) of the same component is a large-scale production of the finished product, not only has the iron loss increased by nearly 3 brands, but also has a large magnetic feeling As for the non-oriented electrical steel of the low-carbon medium-silicon system, on the one hand, because the phase change point is lower, the two-phase region is wider, and after hot rolling, the obvious strip-shaped tissue is formed, which is extremely disadvantageous for the improvement of the uniformity and the texture of the follow-up tissues; and on the other hand, in the wet-hydrogen atmosphere, In the annealing process, the formation and development of the favorable texture are inhibited by the oxidation of the silicon on the surface, so that the strong {111} texture columnar crystal structure with poor magnetic properties is finally obtained. and the process is improved, the hot-rolled plate is first insulated and annealed in the high-temperature austenite phase region to coarsen the initial crystal grain and eliminate the adverse effect of the hot-rolled strip-shaped tissue on the subsequent texture evolution, The effect of oxidation, finally, obtained the {100} texture approximation under the drive of the strain energy anisotropy for the non-oriented electrical steel of the ultra-low carbon component system, the slow cooling phase change annealing is carried out in a pure hydrogen atmosphere, During the phase change, the strain energy anisotropic drive {100} orientation core is formed on the sample surface and grows continuously in the ND direction, resulting in a complete {100} texture In addition, the surface oxidation behavior of the Fe-0.5% Mn steel under different atmosphere conditions is different, which has a significant effect on the final phase change, the microstructure and the texture, and the {100} texture is obtained when the atmosphere flow is large. The crystalline structure of {100} + {110} texture is obtained with the flow rate of {100} + {110} texture; in pure nitrogen atmosphere, the {111} texture is obtained. Compared with the previous method, the phase-change method has the advantages of excellent magnetic performance, simple process and easy operation and the like, and is a non-oriented electrical steel in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG142.1;TF76

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