【摘要】：齒輪是機(jī)械傳動中的重要組件,特別是非圓齒輪,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)普通齒輪無法替代的功能。然而傳統(tǒng)的滾齒機(jī)床對于非圓齒輪的加工,存在加工困難,精度和效率低的問題,另外,目前齒輪加工的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)大部分是在機(jī)床的配套數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)二次開發(fā),但是不能嵌入自主研發(fā)的控制算法,從而限制了系統(tǒng)的控制精度。為解決這些問題,現(xiàn)研究并設(shè)計(jì)一款用于數(shù)控滾切加工非圓齒輪的基于IPC、以PCIE總線連接上下位機(jī)、將FPGA作為主控單元的專用運(yùn)動控制系統(tǒng)。其中,FPGA運(yùn)動控制卡是連接上位機(jī)與伺服機(jī)構(gòu)的重要組成部分,發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵性的作用。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,論文分析了滾齒機(jī)床的運(yùn)動聯(lián)動關(guān)系以及建立了滾齒需要的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)模型研究了非圓齒輪在滾切加工時的運(yùn)動特性,為非圓齒輪在設(shè)計(jì)階段對階數(shù)和偏心率的選取提供參考。此外,分析了分齒運(yùn)動方式,采用了滾刀角速度恒定,工件角速度變化的方案,為電子齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)做準(zhǔn)備。其次,論文采用FPGA運(yùn)動控制卡實(shí)現(xiàn)電子齒輪箱功能。在電子齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì)過程中,采用主從式結(jié)構(gòu);為提高齒輪箱的響應(yīng)精度,采用鎖相環(huán)和脈沖分頻技術(shù);為實(shí)現(xiàn)速度、位置等控制精度,采用前饋+PID控制。此外,為緩解FPGA運(yùn)動控制卡的壓力,達(dá)到高速、高精度運(yùn)動控制,在工控機(jī)IPC上設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)速度、位移等實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理(粗插補(bǔ))。最后,根據(jù)功能目標(biāo),規(guī)劃了運(yùn)動控制卡總體方案,選取了FPGA開發(fā)板的型號,并給出了電子齒輪箱部分功能模塊的時序仿真;采用了PCIE作為通訊接口總線插入IPC卡槽內(nèi);為提高控制卡的硬件集成度和可靠度,設(shè)計(jì)了FPGA外部接口功能,有編碼器接口、D/A轉(zhuǎn)換接口等,并給出了電路圖和時序仿真。
[Abstract]:Gear is an important component in mechanical transmission, especially non-circular gear, which can not be replaced by ordinary gear. However, for the machining of non-circular gears, the traditional gear roller machine tool has the problems of difficult machining, low accuracy and low efficiency. In addition, most of the CNC systems of gear machining are developed on the basis of the supporting CNC system of the machine tool. However, the self-developed control algorithm can not be embedded, which limits the control accuracy of the system. In order to solve these problems, a special motion control system based on IPC, to connect upper and lower computer with PCIE bus and FPGA as main control unit is studied and designed for NC rolling machining of non-circular gears. Among them, FPGA motion control card is an important part of connecting upper computer and servo mechanism, and plays a key role. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the motion linkage relationship of gear roller machine tool is analyzed and the mathematical model of gear hobbing is established, and the motion characteristics of non-circular gear in rolling machining are studied according to the mathematical model. It provides a reference for the selection of order and eccentricity of non-circular gears in the design stage. In addition, the tooth separation movement mode is analyzed, and the scheme of constant hob angular velocity and workpiece angular velocity is adopted to prepare for the design of electronic gearbox. Secondly, the FPGA motion control card is used to realize the function of electronic gearbox. In the design process of electronic gearbox, master-slave structure is adopted; in order to improve the response accuracy of gearbox, phase-locked loop and pulse frequency division technology are adopted; in order to realize the control accuracy of speed and position, feedforward PID control is adopted. In addition, in order to relieve the pressure of FPGA motion control card and achieve high speed and high precision motion control, an application program is designed on the industrial control computer IPC to realize the preprocessing of real-time data such as speed and displacement (rough interpolation). Finally, according to the functional goal, the overall scheme of the motion control card is planned, the model of FPGA development board is selected, and the timing simulation of some functional modules of the electronic gearbox is given, and PCIE is used as the communication interface bus to insert into the IEC card slot. In order to improve the hardware integration and reliability of the control card, the external interface function of FPGA, encoder interface, D 鈮，

本文編號：2495479