【摘要】：疏水表面因具有自清潔、減阻和抗磨性能,給人們生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)極大便利,為人類發(fā)展創(chuàng)造極大動(dòng)力。微米結(jié)構(gòu),納米結(jié)構(gòu)組成的多階結(jié)構(gòu)和低表面能材料共同作用使得材料表面有疏水性。隨著微加工機(jī)理的研究,車削,銑削加工精度的提高,銑削刀具尺寸的逐漸縮小,用微切削方法加工出微米尺寸微結(jié)構(gòu)研究其疏水性成為可能。表面接觸角是表征疏水性能的重要技術(shù)指標(biāo)。為了研究微米尺寸微結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)水滴在其表面接觸角的影響,以Young氏方程,Wenzel方程及Cassie-Baxter方程為基礎(chǔ),建立了二維情況下基于最小吉布斯自由能的接觸角預(yù)測(cè)模型,用微銑削的方法加工出微結(jié)構(gòu),并通過(guò)理論分析與切削試驗(yàn)和接觸角測(cè)試相結(jié)合的方法探究微結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)接觸角的影響規(guī)律。首先,在光滑表面Young氏方程和粗糙表面Cassie-Baxter方程的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了二維情況下基于最小吉布斯自由能的接觸角預(yù)測(cè)模型,并且考慮斜壁對(duì)氣-液接觸線的影響對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)模型進(jìn)行了修正。利用接觸角預(yù)測(cè)模型及其修正研究微結(jié)構(gòu)材料和尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)接觸角的影響和疏水性微結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。研究結(jié)果表明,疏水性基底相對(duì)于親水性基底加工出的微結(jié)構(gòu)有更大的接觸角提升趨勢(shì)。增大微結(jié)構(gòu)間隙寬度,減小凸臺(tái)寬度,減小微結(jié)構(gòu)斜壁角度,有利于接觸角的提升。其次,設(shè)計(jì)了直壁溝槽、方柱陣列、斜壁溝槽和斜壁陣列四種類型的微結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)微銑削方法加工出設(shè)計(jì)的微結(jié)構(gòu),并測(cè)量水滴在微結(jié)構(gòu)表面的接觸角。最后,采用理論分析與試驗(yàn)結(jié)合的方法研究不同幾何尺寸參數(shù)的直壁溝槽、方柱陣列、斜壁溝槽和斜壁陣列四種類型的微結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)水滴在其表面接觸角的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,溝槽與方柱陣列微結(jié)構(gòu)可以使水滴在其表面的接觸角增大,接觸角隨著微結(jié)構(gòu)間距增加而增大,隨著凸臺(tái)(方柱)寬度增大而減小。直壁溝槽微結(jié)構(gòu)上水滴在垂直于溝槽方向和平行于溝槽方向的接觸角有差異并且相互影響；水滴在直壁溝槽微結(jié)構(gòu)有著更穩(wěn)定的接觸角變化,而在方柱陣列微結(jié)構(gòu)表面有更大的接觸角,并且更接近球狀。相對(duì)于直壁結(jié)構(gòu),斜壁結(jié)構(gòu)的存在雖然會(huì)增加水滴在微結(jié)構(gòu)表面的接觸角,但是增大了水滴在微結(jié)構(gòu)表面的不穩(wěn)定性,水滴更容易進(jìn)入微結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部呈現(xiàn)出Wenzel狀態(tài)。此外,斜壁的存在使得微結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)接觸角的影響減小。
[Abstract]:Because of its self-cleaning, drag-reducing and anti-wear properties, hydrophobic surface brings great convenience to people's production and life, and creates great impetus for human development. The surface hydrophobicity of micro-structure, nano-structure and low surface energy materials can be obtained by the combination of multi-order structure and low surface energy material. With the study of micro-machining mechanism, the improvement of turning and milling precision, and the gradual reduction of milling tool size, it is possible to study the hydrophobicity of micro-size microstructure by micro-cutting method. Surface contact angle is an important technical index for characterizing hydrophobic properties. In order to study the effect of micro-structure on the contact angle of water droplets on its surface, based on Young equation, Wenzel equation and Cassie-Baxter equation, a two-dimensional contact angle prediction model based on minimum Gibbs free energy was established. The micro-structure was machined by micro-milling, and the influence of micro-structure size parameters on contact angle was investigated by combining theoretical analysis with cutting test and contact angle test. Firstly, based on the Young equation of smooth surface and the Cassie-Baxter equation of rough surface, the contact angle prediction model based on minimum Gibbs free energy in two-dimensional case is established. The prediction model is modified considering the influence of inclined wall on the gas-liquid contact line. The contact angle prediction model and its modification are used to study the influence of microstructure materials and size parameters on the contact angle and the hydrophobic microstructure design. The results show that the contact angle of hydrophobic substrate is higher than that of hydrophilic substrate. Increasing the width of the microstructure gap, reducing the width of the raised platform and decreasing the angle of the inclined wall of the microstructure are beneficial to the elevation of the contact angle. Secondly, four kinds of micro-structures are designed, which are straight-wall groove, square column array, oblique-wall groove and oblique-wall array. The micro-structure is machined by micro-milling method, and the contact angle of water droplets on the microstructure surface is measured. Finally, the effects of four types of microstructure, such as straight-wall grooves, square-column arrays, oblique-wall grooves and oblique-wall arrays, on the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the droplets are studied by means of theoretical analysis and experiment. The results show that the micro-structure of groove and square column array can increase the contact angle of water droplets on its surface, and the contact angle increases with the increase of microstructure spacing, and decreases with the increase of the width of convex platform (square column). The contact angles of the droplets perpendicular to the grooves and parallel to the grooves are different and affect each other in the microstructure of the straight-walled grooves. Water droplets have a more stable contact angle on the straight-wall grooves and larger contact angles on the surface of the square-column array, and are closer to globules. Compared with the straight wall structure, the existence of oblique wall structure can increase the contact angle of water droplets on the microstructure surface, but increase the instability of water droplets on the microstructure surface. The water droplets are more likely to enter the microstructure inside the Wenzel state. In addition, the influence of microstructure size parameters on the contact angle is reduced due to the existence of inclined wall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG54

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