【摘要】：淬火就是將鋼加熱到臨界點溫度以上,保溫一定時間使其奧氏體化,繼而以大于臨界冷卻速度冷卻,從而獲得介穩(wěn)狀態(tài)的馬氏體組織的金屬熱處理工藝過程。淬火的主要目的是使鋼的硬度以及耐磨性提高,獲得機械性能優(yōu)良的加工零件。在熱處理工藝中,淬火相對來說是最為重要的一種工序,而冷卻是淬火成功與否的關鍵因素。因此,淬火工序中一個十分重要的問題是冷卻性能優(yōu)良的淬火介質(zhì)的選取。目前,聚烷撐乙二醇淬火介質(zhì)(PAG)是聚合物淬火介質(zhì)作為一種新型淬火介質(zhì)的代表,以其突出的特點有逐漸取代淬火油的趨勢,已經(jīng)成為了往后新型淬火介質(zhì)發(fā)展的主要方向之一。聚烷撐乙二醇淬火介質(zhì)通常是由聚烷撐乙二醇、冷速調(diào)整添加劑、防銹劑、防腐劑、消泡劑和水組成。本文主要通過Labview溫度采集系統(tǒng)測定三種不同平均分子量的聚烷撐乙二醇的冷卻特性,篩選出冷卻特性最符合要求的聚烷撐乙二醇。通過測定冷卻特性方法確定兩種不同平均分子量的冷速調(diào)整添加劑聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的最佳配比。參考標準《合成切削液》中防銹腐蝕性試驗篩選出幾種防銹性能合格的防銹劑,再結(jié)合Labview溫度采集系統(tǒng)測定添加不同防銹劑對研制的淬火介質(zhì)冷卻特性的影響,篩選出綜合性能最好的防銹劑。然后添加適量合適的防腐劑和消泡劑。最后確定的新型水基淬火介質(zhì)的成分為3%～12%的聚烷撐乙二醇C,0.45%復合冷速調(diào)整添加劑(0.375%聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮A+0.075%聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮B),0.1%復合防銹劑(0.05%硼砂+0.05%磷酸鈉),0.35%o防腐劑(水楊酸),0.1‰消泡劑(聚乙二醇),余量為水。對研制出的新型淬火介質(zhì)進行冷卻性能的研究,通過設計單因素實驗研究自制淬火介質(zhì)濃度、溫度的變化規(guī)律以及攪拌對其冷卻性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著聚烷撐乙二醇濃度的增大,自制淬火介質(zhì)的冷卻速度逐漸降低,高溫區(qū)降低明顯,低溫區(qū)降低的相對不明顯；隨著淬火介質(zhì)的溫度升高,自制淬火介質(zhì)的冷卻速度降低,最大冷卻速度降低得比較明顯,低溫區(qū)冷卻速度幾乎沒有變化；淬火介質(zhì)在攪拌情況下能夠提高介質(zhì)高溫區(qū)域的冷卻速度,對介質(zhì)低溫區(qū)域的冷卻速度幾乎沒有影響。將自制淬火介質(zhì)與水、淬火油和國外陶氏UCONE淬火介質(zhì)產(chǎn)品進行冷卻性能對比。試驗結(jié)果表明：自制淬火介質(zhì)的冷卻性能處于水和淬火油的冷卻性能之間,與UCONE淬火介質(zhì)的冷卻性能相當。選取低碳鋼20CrMnTi、中碳鋼42CrMo、高碳鋼GCr15進行淬火試驗,采用自制淬火介質(zhì)與水和油進行對比,測定三種鋼淬火后硬度分布曲線。結(jié)果表明：20CrMhTi經(jīng)3%自制淬火介質(zhì)淬火后表面硬度達到51.1HRC,經(jīng)水淬火后表面硬度達到51.3HRC;42CrMo經(jīng)12%自制淬火介質(zhì)淬火后表面硬度達到62.2HRC,經(jīng)油淬火后表面硬度達到60.2HRC;GCrl5經(jīng)8%自制淬火介質(zhì)淬火后表面硬度達到67.7HRC,經(jīng)油淬火后表面硬度達到58.1HRC。自制淬火介質(zhì)能夠適用碳含量不同的鋼的淬火,其應用范圍廣泛。
[Abstract]:The quenching is to heat the steel to above the critical point temperature, keep the temperature for a certain time to austenitize the steel, and then cool the steel at a greater than the critical cooling speed, so as to obtain the metal heat treatment process of the martensite structure with the metastable state. The main purpose of the quenching is to improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel, and to obtain a machined part having excellent mechanical properties. In the process of heat treatment, quenching is the most important one, and cooling is the key factor in the success of quenching. Therefore, one of the most important problems in the quenching process is the selection of the quenching medium with excellent cooling performance. At present, the poly (ethylene glycol) quenching medium (PAG) is a kind of new quenching medium, and its outstanding characteristics have the tendency of gradually replacing the quenching oil, which has become one of the main directions for the development of the new quenching medium. The polyalkylene glycol quenching medium is usually composed of a polyalkylene glycol, a cold-speed adjusting additive, an anti-rust agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and water. In this paper, the cooling characteristics of three kinds of polyalkylene glycol with different average molecular weights were measured by Labview temperature acquisition system, and the most satisfactory polyalkylene glycol was selected. The optimum ratio of the two different average molecular weight cold-rate adjustment additives, such as the polyoxyalkylene ketone, was determined by the determination of the cooling characteristics. In reference to the rust-proof corrosion test in the standard , several anti-rust agents qualified for rust-proof performance are selected, and the influence of different anti-rust agents on the cooling characteristics of the quenching medium developed by adding different anti-rust agents is determined by the Labview temperature acquisition system, and the best anti-rust agent can be selected. And then a proper amount of a preservative and a defoaming agent are added. finally, the component of the novel water-based quenching medium is 3-12% of the polyalkylene glycol C, 0.45% of the composite cold-speed adjusting additive (0.375% of the polyethylene-based polydioxanone A and 0.075% of the polyethylene-based polydioxanone B), and 0.1% of the composite anti-rust agent (0.05% of the borax + 0.05% sodium phosphate), 0.35% o preservative (salicylic acid), 0.1% anti-foaming agent (polyethylene glycol) and the balance of water. The research on the cooling performance of the newly developed quenching medium is carried out. The influence of the concentration and temperature of the self-made quenching medium and the effect of the stirring on the cooling performance of the newly developed quenching medium is studied. The results show that with the increase of the concentration of the polyalkylene glycol, the cooling rate of the self-made quenching medium is gradually reduced, the high temperature area is reduced, and the low temperature area is less obvious; with the increasing of the temperature of the quenching medium, the cooling speed of the self-made quenching medium is reduced, And the cooling speed of the medium high-temperature region can be improved under the condition of stirring, and the cooling speed of the medium-low-temperature region is hardly affected. The cooling performance of the self-made quenching medium was compared with that of the water, the quenching oil and the foreign ceramic UCONE quenching medium. The results show that the cooling performance of the self-made quenching medium is between the cooling performance of the water and the quenching oil, and the cooling performance of the quenching medium is comparable to that of the UCONE quenching medium. The steel 20CrMnTi, the medium carbon steel 42CrMo and the high-carbon steel GCr15 were selected for quenching test, and the hardness distribution curve after quenching was determined by comparing the self-made quenching medium with water and oil. The results show that the surface hardness of 20CrMohTi after quenching with 3% self-made quenching medium reaches 51.1 HRC, the surface hardness after water quenching is 51.3 HRC, and the surface hardness of 42CrMo after quenching with 12% self-made quenching medium reaches 62.2 HRC, and the hardness of the surface after oil quenching reaches 60.2 HRC; The surface hardness of GCrl5 after quenching with 8% self-made quenching medium reached 67.7 HRC, and the surface hardness after oil quenching reached 58.1 HRC. Self-made quenching medium can be used for quenching steel with different carbon content, and its application range is wide.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG154.4

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