基于視覺的螺旋焊管管徑測量研究
[Abstract]:Spiral welded pipe, which has the advantages of low production cost, high strength and high safety, is the main pipeline for oil and natural gas transportation in China at present. In order to ensure the geometric quality of helical welded pipe, the allowable deviation of outer diameter, ellipticity and other geometric parameters of steel pipe are stipulated in various production standards of steel pipe. It is of great significance to monitor the geometric parameters of steel tube in real time to ensure the quality of steel tube. The geometric parameters of spiral welded pipe are measured by visual inspection, which is characterized by high precision, high reliability and high efficiency. It is easy to realize real-time monitoring of spiral welded pipe size and improve the qualified rate of spiral welded pipe. In this paper, a visual inspection system with two CMOS industrial cameras and a line laser generator as the core is built. The camera 1 is perpendicular to the laser plane generated by the line laser generator, which is used to collect the laser arc images representing the diameter of the spiral welded pipe. The calibration of the camera is carried out by the coincidence of the target and the laser plane. Camera 2 shoots vertically from top to bottom, and captures the edge line and laser line image of spiral welded pipe in real time. By analyzing the grayscale of the collected images, a reasonable image processing algorithm is designed, including image gray analysis, image filtering and image edge extraction, and the angle between the spiral welded pipe and the laser plane is obtained. Based on the calibration results, the actual size of the laser arc is calculated, and then projected to the plane perpendicular to the central axis of the spiral welded pipe according to the angle between the two. The diameter data of the position are obtained by least square circle fitting. With the rotation of the spiral welded pipe, the pipe diameter data of different positions of the pipe are continuously measured, and then the influence of the weld seam and the surrounding deformation area on the pipe diameter is removed, and the remaining pipe diameter data are treated in average as the actual pipe diameter. Through this method, the diameter of spiral welded pipe is accurately measured. At the same time, according to the diameter data of different positions, the ellipticity of the pipe and the deformation of the weld are obtained. According to the principle of measurement, a mathematical model based on software MATLAB, is established in this paper. The possible sources of errors in the measurement process are analyzed, including lens distortion, calibration error, angle error between spiral welded pipe and laser plane. Angle of spiral welded pipe and horizontal plane, ellipticity, etc. Through analysis, it is found that the calibration error and the measurement angle error have the greatest influence on the measurement. When the laser plane and the central axis of the spiral welded pipe are close to vertical, the measurement error can be minimized. This lays a theoretical foundation for the accurate measurement of the diameter of spiral welded pipe.
【學位授予單位】:山東大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TG457.6;TP391.41
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