【摘要】：由于比強(qiáng)度高、耐腐蝕性好、生物相容性?xún)?yōu)異等特點(diǎn),鈦及其合金被廣泛應(yīng)用于航空、船舶、生物醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域。如何快捷有效地在鈦基表面上實(shí)現(xiàn)超疏水性能,特別是具有防覆冰和良好機(jī)械性能的超疏水鈦表面,一直是學(xué)術(shù)和工業(yè)界所關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。目前已有的鈦及其合金超疏水表面的制備方法均具有實(shí)驗(yàn)成本較高、儀器要求特殊或者操作過(guò)于復(fù)雜、周期較長(zhǎng)等缺點(diǎn)。因此,本文將探索出兩種簡(jiǎn)單有效的超疏水性鈦表面制備方法,并研究其抗覆冰性能和耐機(jī)械性能。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)結(jié)合雙氧水刻蝕和表面修飾的方法在鈦基底上制備了超疏水表面。該方法制備試樣的疏水性能會(huì)隨著刻蝕時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)變得更佳,最后趨于平緩。通過(guò)分析疏水性能隨刻蝕時(shí)間變化的原因,并考慮其疏水性和實(shí)驗(yàn)周期,發(fā)現(xiàn)最佳刻蝕反應(yīng)時(shí)間為2天。該方法制備的超疏水表面具有良好的自清潔效應(yīng)。進(jìn)一步通過(guò)使用冰箱模擬低溫自然環(huán)境條件,對(duì)雙氧水刻蝕法制備的超疏水表面進(jìn)行了抗結(jié)冰測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn):在-9.5℃、相對(duì)濕度45%條件下,體積為30μL自來(lái)水滴的結(jié)冰時(shí)間要比預(yù)處理試樣上的液滴延長(zhǎng)近一個(gè)小時(shí)(55.6min)。(2)結(jié)合硫酸刻蝕和表面修飾的方法在鈦基底上制備了超疏水表面。通過(guò)比較不同刻蝕條件下試樣的接觸角,得出硫酸刻蝕法制備超疏水表面的最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)為:72%的硫酸濃度、120℃的刻蝕溫度、30min的刻蝕時(shí)間。通過(guò)對(duì)不同時(shí)間刻蝕后試樣的微觀形貌進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)刻蝕30min的試樣產(chǎn)生了類(lèi)農(nóng)田形結(jié)構(gòu),并隨著晶面不同而產(chǎn)生不同內(nèi)部形貌,如類(lèi)蜂窩狀、類(lèi)波浪形等形貌,這些結(jié)構(gòu)均會(huì)使得表面粗糙度變大,從而使其超疏水性能變佳。進(jìn)一步探索該超疏水表面的耐磨損性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)所制備的超疏水表面具有較低的摩擦系數(shù)。最后通過(guò)抗結(jié)冰測(cè)試,發(fā)現(xiàn)水滴在超疏水表面的結(jié)冰時(shí)間比預(yù)處理試樣上的水滴延長(zhǎng)一個(gè)小時(shí)以上(67.2min)。(3)進(jìn)一步通過(guò)拉伸試驗(yàn)對(duì)制備的超疏水試樣進(jìn)行耐機(jī)械性能測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明:隨著預(yù)應(yīng)變的增大,其接觸角和滾動(dòng)角分別減小和增大,但這種變化并不顯著,即超疏水性能只有輕微下降。通過(guò)分析超疏水拉伸試樣微觀形貌隨預(yù)應(yīng)變的變化趨勢(shì)發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著預(yù)應(yīng)變的增大,一方面類(lèi)農(nóng)田結(jié)構(gòu)邊界處的間距會(huì)增大,另一方面農(nóng)田內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)間距也會(huì)增大,導(dǎo)致其粗糙度減小,從而使其疏水性能略有下降。
[Abstract]:Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aviation, ship, biomedicine and other fields because of their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. How to quickly and effectively realize superhydrophobicity on titanium substrate, especially the super-hydrophobic titanium surface with anti-icing and good mechanical properties, has always been concerned by academic and industry. The methods of preparing superhydrophobic surface of titanium and its alloys have many disadvantages, such as high cost of experiment, special instrument requirement or complicated operation, long period and so on. Therefore, two simple and effective methods for preparation of superhydrophobic titanium surface are explored in this paper, and their ice resistance and mechanical properties are also studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) superhydrophobic surface was prepared on titanium substrate by hydrogen peroxide etching and surface modification. The hydrophobicity of the sample prepared by this method will become better with the increase of etching time, and finally it will become flat. By analyzing the reason why hydrophobicity varies with etching time and considering its hydrophobicity and experimental period, it is found that the optimum etching time is 2 days. The superhydrophobic surface prepared by this method has good self-cleaning effect. Furthermore, the ice resistance of superhydrophobic surface prepared by hydrogen peroxide etching was tested by using refrigerators to simulate the natural conditions at low temperature. It was found that under the conditions of -9.5 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2324593