【摘要】：液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承目前是軋輥磨床上應(yīng)用得最為廣泛的一類油膜軸承,它直接決定著一臺(tái)軋輥磨床的性能。為了滿足高速軋輥磨削的需求,核心的是要對(duì)其所需的高速液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承進(jìn)行研發(fā),并對(duì)其相關(guān)性能進(jìn)行揭示。根據(jù)高速軋輥磨床的工作要求和性能特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出了一種可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承,這種液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承能根據(jù)高速軋輥磨床不同的負(fù)載需求進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)節(jié),從而提高了其應(yīng)用范圍和運(yùn)行效率。針對(duì)此種可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承,本文開展了如下具體的研究工作。首先,通過(guò)對(duì)比傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的滑動(dòng)軸承和較新型的液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及適用場(chǎng)合,確定了本文軸承的設(shè)計(jì)方向,擺脫國(guó)內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)動(dòng)靜壓軸承設(shè)計(jì)方法的束縛,設(shè)計(jì)出一種新型結(jié)構(gòu)的液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承軸承,并通過(guò)性能驗(yàn)證確定了承載、散熱等性能良好的可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承整體模型。其次,利用有限元分析軟件對(duì)軸承本體和本體位于整體結(jié)構(gòu)中的不同位置進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析和軸承本體的熱特性分析,分析結(jié)果表明:軸承本體和軸承本體位于整體不同位置時(shí)的強(qiáng)度和剛度均能滿足要求,軸承本體在工況下溫升的變化在允許的范圍內(nèi)。然后,利用有限元分析軟件對(duì)可調(diào)式高速軋輥磨床主軸系統(tǒng)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承本體和整體分別進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,分析結(jié)果表明:該軸承前10階模態(tài)固有頻率主要集中在5200Hz-6700Hz和2300Hz-6000Hz的區(qū)域,各階固有頻率中均沒有出現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)基頻(340Hz~620Hz),且各階振型主要表現(xiàn)為擺動(dòng)和扭轉(zhuǎn),軸承本體振動(dòng)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)主要集中在靜壓腔和導(dǎo)油槽附近。通過(guò)對(duì)可調(diào)式高速軋輥磨床主軸系統(tǒng)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承的模態(tài)分析,為其減振分析提供了前期基礎(chǔ),對(duì)進(jìn)一步揭示其動(dòng)態(tài)性能具有重要的意義。最后,在模態(tài)分析的基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)軸承本體和本體位于整體極限位置時(shí)的簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行了諧響應(yīng)分析,分析結(jié)果表明,軸承本體即使在可能發(fā)生共振的頻率下,它的最大應(yīng)力仍在材料的屈服強(qiáng)度內(nèi),這說(shuō)明軸承本體的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合處于安全區(qū);當(dāng)對(duì)軸承本體位于整體三個(gè)極限位置時(shí),其危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)頻率為2700Hz,通過(guò)對(duì)此頻率下軸承靜力學(xué)的分析,得知軸承的最大應(yīng)力已經(jīng)超出軸承材料的屈服強(qiáng)度,軸承將有可能會(huì)被損壞,而在實(shí)際工況下,軸承的工作頻率在340Hz~620Hz的范圍內(nèi),遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)偏離了軸承的危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)頻率,這說(shuō)明了本文所設(shè)計(jì)的可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承在應(yīng)用中仍處于安全的范圍內(nèi)。本文借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外軸承設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)良方法,通過(guò)理論計(jì)算和軟件校核相結(jié)合的方法,設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新型的可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承。同時(shí)為驗(yàn)證所設(shè)計(jì)軸承的工作性能,利用有限元分析軟件分別對(duì)此軸承進(jìn)行了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變、熱特性、模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析,分析結(jié)果表明本文所設(shè)計(jì)的可調(diào)式液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承模型不僅性能滿足設(shè)計(jì)需求,而且具有高速、高效長(zhǎng)壽的特點(diǎn),能夠滿足高速軋輥磨床主軸系統(tǒng)對(duì)液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承性能方面的要求,這在一定程度上為我國(guó)磨床事業(yè)在滑動(dòng)軸承關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究方面奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Liquid static pressure bearing is one of the most widely used oil film bearings in roll grinder, and it directly determines the performance of a roller grinder. In order to meet the needs of high-speed roll grinding, the core is to develop and develop the high-speed liquid static pressure bearing, and reveal its related properties. According to the working requirements and performance characteristics of high-speed roller grinder, a kind of adjustable liquid static pressure bearing is designed, which can adjust the structure according to different load demand of high-speed roller grinder, thus improving its application range and operation efficiency. In view of this kind of adjustable liquid static pressure bearing, this paper has carried out the following specific research work. Firstly, the design direction of the bearing is determined by comparing the structure characteristics of the sliding bearing of the traditional structure and the structure of the novel liquid static pressure bearing and the application occasion, so as to get rid of the limitation of the design method of the traditional static and static pressure bearing in China, A novel liquid static pressure bearing bearing with a new structure is designed, and the integral model of adjustable liquid static pressure bearing with good performance such as bearing and heat dissipation is determined by the performance verification. Secondly, the structural static analysis and the thermal property analysis of the bearing body are carried out by using the finite element analysis software. The results show that the strength and rigidity of the bearing body and the bearing body at different positions can meet the requirements. the variation of the temperature rise of the bearing body under the working condition is within the allowable range. Then, the modal analysis of the hydrostatic pressure bearing body and the whole body of the spindle system of the adjustable high-speed roll grinder is carried out by using the finite element analysis software. The results show that the first 10-order modal natural frequency of the bearing is mainly concentrated in the area of 5200Hz-6700Hz and 2300Hz-6000Hz. The fundamental frequency of the system (340Hz ~ 620Hz) is not present in the natural frequency of each order, and the vibration modes are mainly swing and torsion, and the weak link of the vibration of the bearing body is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the static pressure cavity and the oil guide groove. Through the modal analysis of the liquid and static pressure bearing of the spindle system of the adjustable high-speed roller grinder, the preliminary foundation for its vibration reduction analysis is provided, and it is of great significance to further reveal its dynamic performance. Finally, on the basis of modal analysis, the harmonic response analysis is carried out on the simplified structural model of the bearing body and the body at the whole limit position. The results show that the maximum stress of the bearing body is still within the yield strength of the material even at the frequency which may resonate. This indicates that the application of the bearing body is in the safe area; when the bearing body is in the whole three extreme positions, the dangerous point frequency of the bearing body is 2700Hz, and by the analysis of the bearing statics at this frequency, it is known that the maximum stress of the bearing has exceeded the yield strength of the bearing material, The bearing will probably be damaged, and under actual working condition, the operating frequency of the bearing is within the range of 340Hz ~ 620Hz, which deviates much from the danger point frequency of the bearing, which shows that the adjustable liquid static pressure bearing designed in this paper is still in the safe range in the application. Based on the excellent method of bearing design at home and abroad, this paper designs a new kind of adjustable liquid static pressure bearing through the combination of theory calculation and software check. At the same time, in order to verify the working performance of the designed bearing, the finite element analysis software is used to analyze the stress and strain, thermal characteristics and modal analysis of the bearing, and the results show that the adjustable liquid static pressure bearing model designed in this paper not only meets the design requirement, but also has the characteristics of high speed and high efficiency and long service life, can meet the requirement of the spindle system of the high-speed roller grinder system to the performance of the liquid static pressure bearing, and lays a theoretical foundation for the research of the key technology of the sliding bearing in a certain degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG595.4

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