【摘要】：奧氏體不銹鋼是不銹鋼中使用量和生產(chǎn)量最大的一種鋼材，以其優(yōu)異的耐腐蝕性能和加工成形性能成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中重要的工程材料之一，但受表面硬度低、耐磨性差等缺點(diǎn)的制約，一般不能用于制作摩擦配副零部件。因此，提高奧氏體不銹鋼表面的摩擦學(xué)性能，擴(kuò)展其使用范圍具有十分重要的意義。區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的表面改性技術(shù)，本文利用奧氏體不銹鋼對(duì)Cl-點(diǎn)腐蝕敏感性高的特點(diǎn)，在較高濃度的NaCl溶液中對(duì)316不銹鋼進(jìn)行電化學(xué)處理獲得表面織構(gòu)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)獲得表面織構(gòu)的試樣進(jìn)行離子氮化復(fù)合處理以獲得更加優(yōu)異的性能，并分別對(duì)表面織構(gòu)化和離子氮化復(fù)合處理后的試樣在干摩擦條件下和脂潤(rùn)滑條件下的摩擦學(xué)性能及磨損機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、電化學(xué)處理表面織構(gòu)化 (1)、采用電化學(xué)處理方法成功在316不銹鋼表面獲得凹坑、溝槽等織構(gòu)組織，對(duì)織構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征后發(fā)現(xiàn)不同濃度的NaCl電解液會(huì)對(duì)表面織構(gòu)的尺寸造成一定的影響。 (2)、在干摩擦條件下，表面織構(gòu)化后的試樣在滑動(dòng)初期具有儲(chǔ)存磨屑降低磨損的作用，但由于其本身易磨損的缺點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致一段時(shí)間后織構(gòu)被磨損破壞，且最終的磨損失重量只比基體略有減少，并沒有大幅提高其在干摩擦條件下的摩擦學(xué)性能。表面織構(gòu)化后的試樣在與GCr15鋼球和Si3N4陶瓷球?qū)δr(shí)都發(fā)生了粘著磨損和磨粒磨損，同時(shí)還伴有氧化磨損。 (3)、在脂潤(rùn)滑條件下，，未經(jīng)處理的基體在滑動(dòng)過程中的摩擦系數(shù)和最終的磨損失重量與干摩擦條件下相近；在三種不同濃度的氯化鈉電解液(20%，15%，10%)下經(jīng)過電化學(xué)處理后的試樣均具有良好的減摩作用，摩擦系數(shù)在整個(gè)滑動(dòng)過程中都保持在0.15以下，織構(gòu)起到了儲(chǔ)存油脂提供二次潤(rùn)滑源的作用，磨損失重量較干摩擦條件下明顯減小，極大提高了316不銹鋼在脂潤(rùn)滑條件下的摩擦學(xué)性能。其在與GCr15鋼球?qū)δr(shí)只發(fā)生了塑性變形，與Si3N4陶瓷球?qū)δr(shí)發(fā)生了磨粒磨損和塑性變形。 2、離子氮化復(fù)合處理 (1)、對(duì)表面織構(gòu)化后的試樣進(jìn)行離子氮化處理，處理后試樣保留了原有的表面結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸，滲氮層厚度約為45μm，主要由ε相、γ′相、CrN相組成，表面硬度由257HV0.1升高到了1048HV0.1。 (2)、在干摩擦條件下，復(fù)合處理后試樣的摩擦系數(shù)波動(dòng)很小，且在摩擦結(jié)束后表面織構(gòu)并未被完全破壞，在整個(gè)過程中起到了儲(chǔ)存磨屑減小磨損的作用，與復(fù)合處理前的磨損失重量相比大幅減小，提高了316不銹鋼在干摩擦條件下的摩擦學(xué)性能。其與GCr15鋼球?qū)δr(shí)發(fā)生了微切削磨損并伴隨有氧化現(xiàn)象，與Si3N4陶瓷球?qū)δr(shí)發(fā)生了粘著磨損和磨粒磨損并伴隨有氧化現(xiàn)象。 (3)、在脂潤(rùn)滑條件下，復(fù)合處理后試樣的摩擦系數(shù)波動(dòng)很小，且在整個(gè)摩擦過程中低于0.13，同樣起到了儲(chǔ)存油脂提供二次潤(rùn)滑源的作用，磨損失重量與之前相比有了進(jìn)一步的減小。其與GCr15鋼球?qū)δr(shí)只發(fā)生了輕微的塑性變形，與Si3N4陶瓷球?qū)δr(shí)只發(fā)生了輕微的磨損。
[Abstract]:Austenitic stainless steel is one of the most used steel in stainless steel, and its excellent corrosion resistance and processability becomes one of the most important engineering materials in modern industry, but it is restricted by the disadvantages of low surface hardness, poor wear resistance and so on. It can't be used to make friction fit sub-parts. Therefore, it is very important to improve the tribological properties of austenitic stainless steel surface and extend its application range. Different from the traditional surface modification technology, the surface texture was obtained by electrochemical treatment of 316 stainless steel in a higher concentration of NaCl solution by using the characteristics of high sensitivity of the austenitic stainless steel to Cl-point corrosion. The tribological properties and wear mechanism of samples subjected to surface texturing and ion nitriding were studied under dry friction conditions and grease lubrication conditions. The main findings are as follows: 1. Electrochemical treatment surface The structure (1) adopts an electrochemical treatment method to successfully obtain pits and grooves on the surface of the 316 stainless steel. Different concentrations of NaCl electrolyte are found to be responsible for the size of surface-woven structures after the texture is characterized a certain effect. (2) under dry friction conditions, the sample after surface texturing has the effect of reducing wear at the initial stage of sliding, but due to the disadvantages of easy wear of the sample, the woven structure is damaged after a period of time, and the final grinding loss weight slightly less than the substrate and does not significantly increase its dry friction strip, The tribological properties of the specimens are the same as the abrasive wear and abrasive wear of the specimen after surface texturing. It is also accompanied by oxidation wear. (3) Under the condition of grease lubrication, the friction coefficient and the final grinding loss weight of the untreated matrix in the sliding process are similar to those under dry friction conditions; in three different concentrations of sodium chloride, The electrolytic solution (20%, 15%, 10%) has a good anti-friction effect after being subjected to electrochemical treatment, and the friction coefficient is kept under 0. 15 during the whole sliding process, the structure plays a role of storing grease to provide a secondary lubricating source, and the grinding loss weight It is obviously reduced under the condition of dry friction, and the 316 stainless steel is greatly improved in grease The tribological properties of Si3N4 ceramic balls during grinding were studied. Wear and plastic deformation of abrasive particles and 2, the ion nitriding composite treatment (1), carrying out ion nitriding treatment on the surface-woven sample, reserving the original surface structure and the size of the sample after treatment, and the thickness of the nitriding layer is about 45 mum. and the surface hardness is 257H. V0. 1 was raised to 1048HV0.1. (2), under dry friction condition, the friction coefficient of the sample after composite treatment was very small, and the surface texture was not completely destroyed after the friction was finished. and is greatly reduced compared with the grinding loss weight before the composite treatment, The tribological properties of 316 stainless steel under dry friction condition were studied. in that condition of grease lubrication, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the sample under the condition of grease lubrication is small, The effect of the source, the weight of the grinding loss is further reduced compared to the previous one, and only slight plastic deformation occurs when the steel ball is milled with the steel ball.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.4

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