【摘要】：隨著時代的不斷發(fā)展，深孔機(jī)床也日益朝著高速化、高精度及高效率的方向發(fā)展。深孔機(jī)床主軸作為深孔機(jī)床主要部件之一，面臨著主軸轉(zhuǎn)速高、加工時間長、加工難度大等問題，易導(dǎo)致主軸結(jié)構(gòu)單元應(yīng)力應(yīng)變過高，影響深孔機(jī)床的加工精度以及主軸的壽命，因此就需要對深孔機(jī)床主軸結(jié)構(gòu)單元的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變進(jìn)行分析和優(yōu)化。本文對深孔機(jī)床的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)單元的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變進(jìn)行了有限元分析，通過優(yōu)化設(shè)計降低了深孔機(jī)床主軸結(jié)構(gòu)單元應(yīng)力，為深孔機(jī)床主軸的輕量化設(shè)計提供了新的研究方法，在深孔加工領(lǐng)域中具有一定的理論意義和實用價值。 本文以T2120深孔機(jī)床主軸為主要研究對象，采用ANSYS12.0對其主軸結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行有限元分析，，得到該主軸在承受載荷下的位移云圖和應(yīng)力云圖，分析得到機(jī)床主軸單元節(jié)點最大應(yīng)力有待于進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。為降低主軸單元節(jié)點最大應(yīng)力，以主軸單元的最大變形為狀態(tài)變量，以主軸體積和單元結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，對深孔機(jī)床主軸進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。 研究結(jié)果表明：多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化與主軸原始設(shè)計比較，主軸體積減少了19%，單元最大應(yīng)力減少了27%；與單目標(biāo)優(yōu)化比較，主軸體積減少了11%，單元最大應(yīng)力減少了5%，最大應(yīng)變減少4%。采用多目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法更加合理和優(yōu)越，能夠使得深孔機(jī)床主軸在輕量化的基礎(chǔ)上主軸結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力達(dá)到最優(yōu)。同時本文的研究也為國產(chǎn)深孔機(jī)床主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)積累了一定經(jīng)驗，而且提供了有效的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, deep-hole machine tools are developing towards high speed, high precision and high efficiency. As one of the main parts of deep hole machine tool, the spindle of deep hole machine is faced with the problems of high spindle speed, long processing time and high processing difficulty, which can easily lead to excessive stress and strain of spindle structure unit. It is necessary to analyze and optimize the stress and strain of the spindle structure unit of the deep hole machine tool because of its influence on the machining accuracy and the life of the spindle. In this paper, the stress and strain of spindle structure unit of deep hole machine tool are analyzed by finite element method. The stress of spindle structure unit of deep hole machine tool is reduced by optimizing design, which provides a new research method for lightweight design of spindle of deep hole machine tool. It has certain theoretical significance and practical value in the field of deep hole processing. In this paper, the spindle of T2120 deep hole machine tool is taken as the main research object. The structure of the spindle is analyzed by using ANSYS12.0, and the displacement cloud diagram and stress cloud diagram of the spindle under load are obtained. The maximum stress of the spindle unit node of the machine tool needs to be further optimized. In order to reduce the maximum stress of the spindle unit node, the maximum deformation of the spindle unit is taken as the state variable, the volume of the spindle and the stress of the unit structure are taken as the optimization objectives, and the multi-objective structure optimization of the spindle of the deep hole machine tool is carried out. The results show that: compared with the original design of the spindle, the volume of the spindle is reduced by 19%, the maximum stress of the unit is reduced by 27%, and compared with the single objective optimization, the volume of the spindle is reduced by 11%, the maximum stress of the unit is reduced by 5%, and the maximum strain is reduced by 4%. The method of multi-objective structural optimization is more reasonable and superior, which can make the stress of spindle structure optimal on the basis of light weight. At the same time, the research in this paper has accumulated some experience for the structure optimization and improvement of the spindle of the deep hole machine tool made in China, and has provided the effective reference basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG52

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