【摘要】：金屬材料微觀組織在線檢測技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)板帶材組織性能在線閉環(huán)控制的前提,是當(dāng)今現(xiàn)代化大生產(chǎn)企業(yè)迫切需要的用以確保生產(chǎn)線可靠性和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性的技術(shù)。本文以產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量精準(zhǔn)化和質(zhì)量控制實(shí)時(shí)化為目標(biāo),以超低碳鋼晶粒尺寸和織構(gòu)在線檢測為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合激光超聲非接觸、遠(yuǎn)距離探測、適用于一些高溫等惡劣環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),采用激光超聲技術(shù)對(duì)熱軋帶鋼平均晶粒尺寸和織構(gòu)檢測；結(jié)合二維X射線面探測器檢測時(shí)間短、精度高、對(duì)樣品表面要求相對(duì)較高等特點(diǎn),采用二維X射線面探測器技術(shù)對(duì)冷軋帶鋼織構(gòu)在線檢測進(jìn)行了深入的研究,并提出了相應(yīng)的在線檢測工業(yè)應(yīng)用方案。 本文的主要工作及研究成果如下： (1)改進(jìn)了激光超聲檢測平均晶粒尺寸的計(jì)算模型。通過對(duì)激光超聲回波信號(hào)的分析處理,提出了采用超聲回波時(shí)域信號(hào)的能量衰減來計(jì)算衰減系數(shù)的方法,當(dāng)所檢測試樣的平均晶粒尺寸與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試樣的平均晶粒尺寸相差較大時(shí),改進(jìn)的計(jì)算方法使得平均晶粒尺寸的計(jì)算誤差由43.2%降低到了17.8%,有效地提高平均晶粒尺寸的計(jì)算精度。并給出了熱軋帶鋼平均晶粒尺寸激光超聲在線檢測技術(shù)方案。 (2)給出了描述材料深沖性能的四階織構(gòu)系數(shù)的計(jì)算模型。通過數(shù)值計(jì)算方法分析了超低碳鋼中主要織構(gòu)組分同一個(gè)晶面但不同方向上的表面波速度各向異性和波動(dòng)性。采用激光超聲技術(shù)檢測了超低碳無間隙原子鋼的表面波速度各向異性和波動(dòng)性,通過給出的四階織構(gòu)系數(shù)計(jì)算式較好地計(jì)算出了四階織構(gòu)系數(shù),其中,C411的計(jì)算誤差在7%以內(nèi),C412和C413的計(jì)算誤差都在20%以內(nèi)。為熱軋帶鋼織構(gòu)在線檢測提供理論依據(jù)。 (3)根據(jù)二維X射線衍射幾何原理和快速織構(gòu)檢測理論,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建了采用二維X射線面探測器技術(shù)的在線織構(gòu)檢測系統(tǒng),并對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)帶鋼的織構(gòu)進(jìn)行了檢測。當(dāng)帶鋼運(yùn)行速度達(dá)到0.65m/s時(shí),通過提出的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,較強(qiáng)織構(gòu)的信息仍可記錄到并反映出來,且此時(shí)帶鋼運(yùn)行速度對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)的精度影響較小。為采用二維X射線面探測器技術(shù)的在線織構(gòu)檢測奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:On-line inspection technology of microstructure of metal material is the premise to realize the on-line closed-loop control of the structure and properties of sheet and strip. It is an urgent need of modern large-scale production enterprises in order to ensure the reliability of production line and the stability of product quality. In this paper, the product quality precision and quality control are taken as the target, the grain size and texture of ultra-low carbon steel are studied on line, and the laser ultrasonic non-contact, long-distance detection is used. Suitable for some bad environments such as high temperature and so on, laser ultrasonic technique is used to detect the average grain size and texture of hot rolled strip, combined with the characteristics of short detection time, high precision and relatively high requirement on the surface of the sample. In this paper, the two-dimensional X-ray surface detector is used to study the on-line texture detection of cold rolled strip, and the corresponding industrial application scheme is put forward. The main work and results of this paper are as follows: (1) the calculation model of average grain size for laser ultrasonic detection is improved. Based on the analysis and processing of laser ultrasonic echo signal, a method of calculating attenuation coefficient by using the energy attenuation of ultrasonic echo time domain signal is proposed. When the average grain size of the tested sample is different from that of the standard sample, the average grain size of the tested sample is different from that of the standard sample. The improved calculation method reduces the calculation error of the average grain size from 43.2% to 17.8, which effectively improves the calculation accuracy of the average grain size. The method of laser ultrasonic on-line testing for the average grain size of hot rolled strip is presented. (2) the calculation model of the fourth-order texture coefficient is given to describe the deep drawing property of the material. The velocity anisotropy and fluctuation of surface wave in ultra-low carbon steel with the same crystal face but different directions are analyzed by numerical method. The surface wave velocity anisotropy and wave fluctuation of ultra-low carbon interstitial atomic steel were measured by laser ultrasonic technique. The fourth-order texture coefficient was well calculated by the formula given in this paper. The calculation error of C411 is less than 7% and the errors of C412 and C413 are within 20%. It provides a theoretical basis for the on-line testing of hot rolled strip texture. (3) based on the theory of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction geometry and rapid texture detection, an on-line texture detection system using two-dimensional X-ray surface detector technology is set up in the laboratory. The texture of moving strip steel was tested. When the running speed of strip reaches 0.65m/s, the information of stronger texture can still be recorded and reflected by the proposed data processing method, and the speed of strip operation has little effect on the accuracy of data acquisition. It lays a foundation for on-line texture detection using two-dimensional X-ray surface detector technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.15

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