【摘要】：機(jī)床的加工精度是衡量機(jī)床性能的最基本指標(biāo)。廢舊機(jī)床再制造不但能夠減少環(huán)境污染實(shí)現(xiàn)廢舊機(jī)床資源的最大化利用,還可以有效地恢復(fù)并且提高了機(jī)床的加工精度和生產(chǎn)效率,是廢舊機(jī)床循環(huán)再利用的最佳形式。在過去的幾十年中,數(shù)控化改造是廢舊機(jī)床再制造的主要手段,精度再制造問題成為機(jī)床再制造發(fā)展中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)廢舊機(jī)床的精度再制造性進(jìn)行分析與研究,不但能解決再制造過程中的精度控制問題,還能有效的降低再制造成本,達(dá)到事半功倍的效果,在工程應(yīng)用方面具有重大的意義。本文從建立再制造機(jī)床零部件的幾何誤差與再制造機(jī)床整體誤差之間的關(guān)系出發(fā),系統(tǒng)性地梳理和分析了廢舊機(jī)床精度再制造中涉及的幾何精度設(shè)計(jì)問題,并著重研究了臥式車床的幾何誤差建模,零部件磨損量與其幾何誤差之間的關(guān)系,影響再制造機(jī)床誤差敏感度大小的因素,以及修復(fù)關(guān)鍵零部件的工藝等問題。運(yùn)用多體系統(tǒng)理論方法對(duì)廢舊機(jī)床進(jìn)行精度再制造的分析,綜合考慮機(jī)床各零部件的幾何誤差,并運(yùn)用坐標(biāo)系特性矩陣形成規(guī)律,用齊次坐標(biāo)矩陣的變換來描述各零部件之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系,建立了普通臥式車床的精度模型,并給出了具體的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。為了揭示誤差從機(jī)床零部件的磨損量傳遞到機(jī)床整體加工誤差的規(guī)律關(guān)系,本文根據(jù)機(jī)床各零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,建立了零部件的磨損量與零部件幾何誤差之間的關(guān)系。為了分析影響機(jī)床幾何誤差的關(guān)鍵性因素,本文根據(jù)機(jī)床整體誤差模型,采用高階無窮小近似為0的方法,簡單有效的建立出各零部件的磨損量參數(shù)的敏感度分析模型,為廢舊機(jī)床精度再制造理論分析提供了重要的理論依據(jù)。最后本文在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,還針對(duì)臥式車床CA6140進(jìn)行幾何誤差靈敏度分析與零部件磨損量靈敏度分析,得到了車床導(dǎo)軌及主軸的磨損量是影響機(jī)床整體精度的主要因素,并研究了主要零部件的再制造方法與工藝,分析了貼塑導(dǎo)軌和主軸再制造的特點(diǎn)以及工藝過程。實(shí)例分析結(jié)果表明本文所建立的誤差模型和誤差敏感度分析是可行的,為廢舊機(jī)床精度再制造的方案制定提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The machining accuracy of machine tool is the most basic index to measure the performance of machine tool. The remanufacture of waste machine tools can not only reduce the environmental pollution and realize the maximum utilization of waste machine tools resources, but also can effectively restore and improve the machining accuracy and production efficiency of the machine tools. It is the best form of recycling and reuse of waste machine tools. In the past few decades, numerical control transformation is the main means of remanufacturing waste machine tools, and precision remanufacturing has become a weak link in the development of machine tool remanufacturing. The analysis and research on the precision remanufacturing of waste machine tools can not only solve the problem of precision control in the process of remanufacturing, but also effectively reduce the cost of remanufacturing and achieve the effect of twice the result with half the effort. It is of great significance in engineering application. Based on the establishment of the relationship between the geometric errors of the parts and components of the remanufacturing machine tools and the overall errors of the remanufacturing machine tools, this paper systematically combs and analyzes the geometric precision design problems involved in the precision remanufacturing of the waste machine tools. The geometric error modeling of horizontal lathe, the relationship between parts wear and geometric error, the factors influencing the error sensitivity of remanufacturing machine tool, and the process of repairing key parts are studied. The method of multi-body system theory is used to analyze the precision remanufacture of the waste machine tool. The geometric errors of each part of the machine tool are considered synthetically, and the law is formed by using the characteristic matrix of coordinate system. The transformation of homogeneous coordinate matrix is used to describe the kinematic relationship between parts and components, the precision model of general horizontal lathe is established, and the concrete mathematical expression is given. In order to reveal the relationship between the error transfer from the wear amount of machine tool parts to the machining error of the whole machine tool, the relationship between the wear quantity of parts and the geometric error of parts is established according to the structural relationship of each part of the machine tool. In order to analyze the key factors that affect the geometric error of machine tools, the sensitivity analysis model of wear parameters of various parts is established simply and effectively by using the method of high order infinitesimal approximation of 0 according to the overall error model of machine tools. It provides an important theoretical basis for the theoretical analysis of precision remanufacturing of waste machine tools. Finally, on the basis of theoretical research, the geometric error sensitivity analysis and component wear sensitivity analysis for horizontal lathe CA6140 are carried out. It is concluded that the wear quantity of the guide rail and spindle of the lathe is the main factor that affects the overall accuracy of the machine tool. The remanufacturing method and process of main parts are studied, and the characteristics and process of plastic guide rail and spindle remanufacturing are analyzed. The result of example analysis shows that the error model and error sensitivity analysis are feasible, which provides the basis for the scheme of precision remanufacture of waste machine tools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇理工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG502.6

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