【摘要】：伴隨著社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,海洋油氣資源日益成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的焦點(diǎn)。海洋油氣資源的開(kāi)發(fā)離不開(kāi)海上結(jié)構(gòu)物和海底管道,因此海洋裝置的維修變得愈加重要。高壓干法水下焊接不但可以獲得良好的焊接質(zhì)量,還可以很好的適應(yīng)水下高壓環(huán)境。而在水下高壓干法焊接技術(shù)中,脈沖GMAW越來(lái)越受到重視,因?yàn)樗哂休^多的調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)和較好的控制能力。受到水下高壓環(huán)境的影響,高壓焊接的焊接過(guò)程并不穩(wěn)定,并且隨著水下壓力逐漸增加,焊接過(guò)程的穩(wěn)定性逐漸下降。因此研究高壓環(huán)境下脈沖參數(shù)對(duì)焊接的影響十分重要。本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用高壓實(shí)驗(yàn)艙模擬水下高壓環(huán)境,設(shè)定實(shí)驗(yàn)艙壓力值,進(jìn)行脈沖GMAW焊接試驗(yàn)。通過(guò)漢諾威分析儀采集焊接過(guò)程圖像,對(duì)焊接電信號(hào)圖像進(jìn)行分析,通過(guò)電信號(hào)的變化趨勢(shì),指導(dǎo)相應(yīng)參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)。利用高速攝像及時(shí)觀察不同參數(shù)的熔滴過(guò)渡情況,對(duì)比不同參數(shù)的熔滴過(guò)渡形式。焊后,針對(duì)于每一種焊接參數(shù)所得的焊縫,觀察焊縫成形情況,找出相應(yīng)的變化規(guī)律,總結(jié)得出:平均電流主要影響焊絲的熔敷率,增加平均電流可以使焊接過(guò)程穩(wěn)定,焊縫成形變好。電弧電壓既可以改變電弧高度也調(diào)節(jié)電弧挺度。高壓環(huán)境下電壓可以改變焊縫的寬度,并且可以有效的緩解焊接飛濺;峰值時(shí)間、頻率主要影響焊接電弧能量,不僅可以提高焊絲的熔敷效率還可以有效的改善焊接過(guò)程的穩(wěn)定性,增加頻率和峰值時(shí)間可以有效的控制短路現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生;過(guò)渡電流和過(guò)渡時(shí)間主要影響熔滴過(guò)渡情況,二者合理的配比可以有效地控制飛濺的大小,但對(duì)焊縫成形外觀影響不大;高壓環(huán)境下采用直流正接可以有效改善焊縫成形,尤其是當(dāng)壓力超過(guò)0.4MPa時(shí),采用直流正接焊接方式,焊接飛濺較少,且飛濺顆粒小。本文通過(guò)一系列的焊接實(shí)驗(yàn),總結(jié)出脈沖焊接參數(shù)對(duì)不同壓力下脈沖GMAW的影響情況,分析了高壓環(huán)境下焊縫成形的原因。為開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)的脈沖GMAW焊接設(shè)備和獲得良好的焊接質(zhì)量奠定理論基礎(chǔ),為將來(lái)進(jìn)行水下焊接研究提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, offshore oil and gas resources increasingly become the focus of competition. The development of offshore oil and gas resources can not be separated from offshore structures and submarine pipelines, so the maintenance of offshore installations becomes more and more important. High pressure dry underwater welding can not only obtain good welding quality, but also adapt to underwater high pressure environment. In the underwater high pressure dry welding technology, pulse GMAW is paid more and more attention because it has more adjustment parameters and better control ability. Under the influence of underwater high pressure environment, the welding process of high pressure welding is unstable, and with the increase of underwater pressure, the stability of welding process decreases gradually. Therefore, it is very important to study the influence of pulse parameters on welding under high pressure. In this experiment, the high pressure experimental cabin was used to simulate the underwater high pressure environment, the pressure value of the experimental cabin was set, and the pulsed GMAW welding test was carried out. The welding process image was collected by Hannover analyzer, and the welding electrical signal image was analyzed. Through the change trend of the electric signal, the adjustment of the corresponding parameters was guided. The droplet transfer with different parameters was observed and the droplet transfer patterns with different parameters were compared by high speed camera. After welding, according to the welding seam obtained from each kind of welding parameters, observe the weld forming condition, find out the corresponding change rule, conclude: the average current mainly affects the deposition rate of the welding wire, increase the average current can make the welding process stable, The weld formed better. The arc voltage can not only change the arc height but also adjust the arc stiffness. The voltage can change the width of welding seam under high voltage environment, and can effectively alleviate the welding spatter, the peak time and frequency mainly affect the welding arc energy, Not only can the deposition efficiency of welding wire be improved, but also the stability of welding process can be effectively improved, and the occurrence of short circuit can be effectively controlled by increasing frequency and peak time, and the transition current and transition time mainly affect the droplet transfer. The reasonable ratio of the two can effectively control the size of spatter, but it has little effect on the appearance of weld formation, the direct current forward connection can effectively improve the weld formation under high pressure, especially when the pressure exceeds 0.4MPa, the direct current forward welding method is adopted. The welding spatter is less and the spatter particle is small. In this paper, through a series of welding experiments, the influence of pulse welding parameters on pulsed GMAW under different pressure is summarized, and the reasons of weld forming under high pressure are analyzed. It lays a theoretical foundation for developing corresponding pulsed GMAW welding equipment and obtaining good welding quality, and provides an important reference for underwater welding research in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京石油化工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG444.72

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