本文選題：數(shù)控機(jī)床 + 機(jī)械進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)控機(jī)床具有自動(dòng)化程度高、適應(yīng)性和靈活性強(qiáng)、加工精度高、生產(chǎn)效率高、有利于生產(chǎn)管理現(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，綜合了控制技術(shù)、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)和高精密檢測(cè)等方面的技術(shù)。隨著航空航天、汽車(chē)、能源和軍備應(yīng)用等方面的快速發(fā)展，，不僅零件的復(fù)雜程度越來(lái)越高，精度也越來(lái)越高，普通的加工機(jī)床根本不能滿足其性能的要求和需要。另外，激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也要求產(chǎn)品研制周期短、出廠效率高和質(zhì)量達(dá)標(biāo)等。故數(shù)控機(jī)床近幾十年發(fā)展迅速，為社會(huì)提供了這種各樣的高品質(zhì)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品，提高了機(jī)械制造業(yè)的制造水平，為全世界帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 我國(guó)目前大部分?jǐn)?shù)控機(jī)床普遍存在爬行現(xiàn)象。爬行是數(shù)控機(jī)床在低速、重載或間歇的微量移動(dòng)情況下，工作臺(tái)出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)快時(shí)慢或者時(shí)走時(shí)停的一種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。爬行導(dǎo)致被加工件表面精度和加工精度變低，對(duì)刀具也有一定的損害作用，甚至造成零件報(bào)廢或者機(jī)床停機(jī)。因此若能有效地改善數(shù)控機(jī)床的爬行，則能夠提高數(shù)控機(jī)床的精度。我國(guó)主要以生產(chǎn)中低端數(shù)控機(jī)床為主，若能改善數(shù)控機(jī)床的爬行，則我國(guó)的輕工消費(fèi)品將高速增長(zhǎng)，數(shù)控機(jī)床也能在加工精度方面提高。 本文在參考了大量資料后，通過(guò)對(duì)產(chǎn)生爬行的機(jī)械進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況分析后，應(yīng)用機(jī)械進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)化模物理型進(jìn)行分析，從理論上推導(dǎo)出了當(dāng)爬行出現(xiàn)時(shí)的臨界速度計(jì)算公式，并在ADAMS中建立爬行仿真模型，明確了系統(tǒng)阻尼，系統(tǒng)剛度和驅(qū)動(dòng)速度等各爬行因子對(duì)爬行的影響程度。 其次，為了改善爬行，給工作臺(tái)加模擬的正弦力和正弦振動(dòng)源，調(diào)整外加力和振動(dòng)源的頻率與幅值，使其與彈簧產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)進(jìn)行耦合，來(lái)消除爬行。事實(shí)上，由于彈簧傳給工作臺(tái)的振動(dòng)是無(wú)規(guī)則的，故要想達(dá)到耦合振動(dòng)難度很大，利用外加振動(dòng)的方法能夠改善爬行現(xiàn)象，并且取得了一定了效果。 再次，根據(jù)振動(dòng)對(duì)爬行的改善效果圖和PID的性質(zhì)，想到可以利用PID來(lái)控制爬行。在工作臺(tái)上加入PID控制系統(tǒng)，整定三個(gè)增益參數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)PID控制對(duì)爬行也起到了改善作用，并在加入振動(dòng)后的模型上進(jìn)一步加入PID控制，最終達(dá)到了完全抑制爬行的目的。
[Abstract]:Numerical control machine tools have the advantages of high automation, strong adaptability and flexibility, high machining precision, high production efficiency, favorable to the modernization of production management and high economic benefits. Servo drive and high precision detection and other aspects of technology. With the rapid development of aerospace, automobile, energy and armament applications, not only the complexity of the parts is becoming more and more complex, but also the precision is becoming higher and higher. The common machine tools can not meet the requirements and requirements of its performance. In addition, fierce market competition also requires a short period of product development, high factory efficiency and quality standards. Therefore, NC machine tools have developed rapidly in recent decades, providing the society with this kind of high quality mechanical products, improving the manufacturing level of mechanical manufacturing industry and bringing great economic benefits to the whole world. At present, most NC machine tools are crawling in our country. Crawling is a kind of motion state of CNC machine tool under the condition of low speed, heavy load or intermittent micro movement, the movement of the worktable appears fast and slow or stop when walking. Crawling results in lower surface and machining accuracy of the workpiece, which can also damage the cutting tool, and even lead to the scrapping of parts or machine tool shutdown. Therefore, if the crawling of NC machine tools can be improved effectively, the accuracy of NC machine tools can be improved. China mainly produces low-end numerical control machine tools. If we can improve the crawling of numerical control machine tools, the consumption of light industry will increase at high speed, and the machining accuracy of numerical control machine tools will also be improved. After referring to a lot of data, this paper analyzes the movement of the part of the mechanical feed transmission system which produces crawling, and analyzes the physical form of the simplified die of the mechanical feed transmission system. The calculation formula of critical velocity when crawling appears is deduced theoretically, and the creeping simulation model is established in Adams, and the influence degree of crawling factors such as system damping, system stiffness and driving speed on crawling is determined. Secondly, in order to improve the crawling, the simulated sinusoidal force and sinusoidal vibration source are added to the worktable, and the frequency and amplitude of the external force and vibration source are adjusted to make it coupled with the vibration produced by the spring, so as to eliminate the crawling. In fact, because the vibration transmitted from the spring to the worktable is irregular, it is very difficult to achieve the coupled vibration. The crawling phenomenon can be improved by using the method of external vibration, and some results have been obtained. Thirdly, according to the improved effect of vibration on crawling and the properties of pid, the author thinks that pid can be used to control crawling. The pid control system is added to the workbench and the three gain parameters are set. It is found that pid control also improves the crawling, and further adds pid control to the model after adding vibration, and finally achieves the goal of completely restraining crawling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG659

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