本文選題：超快冷 + 擴(kuò)散性　； 參考：《東北大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：本文依托國(guó)家“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃中“鋼鐵行業(yè)綠色生產(chǎn)工藝技術(shù)與應(yīng)用示范”項(xiàng)目子課題“熱軋板帶鋼新一代TMCP裝備及工藝技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)與應(yīng)用”項(xiàng)目,以熱軋帶鋼超快速冷卻過(guò)程數(shù)值計(jì)算為研究對(duì)象,以實(shí)現(xiàn)高強(qiáng)度均勻化冷卻為研究目標(biāo),采用解析計(jì)算與數(shù)值計(jì)算方法,從熱軋帶鋼溫度場(chǎng)計(jì)算方法、噴嘴射流擴(kuò)散性和均勻性、最優(yōu)化冷卻板形實(shí)現(xiàn)方法、軋后冷卻強(qiáng)度分析和冷卻過(guò)程中厚度方向溫度變化規(guī)律五方面入手,針對(duì)超快冷設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)及超快速冷卻工藝開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中的重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析與研究,成功開(kāi)發(fā)出超快速冷卻技術(shù),并在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)取得良好的應(yīng)用效果。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：(1)針對(duì)熱軋帶鋼冷卻過(guò)程的特點(diǎn),采用解析方法建立了三種邊界條件下熱傳導(dǎo)微分方程的解,并與集總參數(shù)法得到的解進(jìn)行對(duì)比,得到不同計(jì)算誤差范圍內(nèi)畢渥數(shù)取值范圍；同時(shí)對(duì)換熱系數(shù)的計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了分析,得到直接計(jì)算、反算和實(shí)驗(yàn)法獲得換熱系數(shù)的具體過(guò)程,以上研究結(jié)果對(duì)于溫度場(chǎng)在線計(jì)算模型的選定、計(jì)算誤差預(yù)測(cè)和換熱系數(shù)的計(jì)算具有重要參考價(jià)值。(2)冷卻水由噴嘴出口射流至空氣中,與空氣發(fā)生卷吸作用使得冷卻水?dāng)U散,對(duì)射流擴(kuò)散性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究,得到圓形噴嘴和縫隙噴嘴射流過(guò)程中軸線速度、勢(shì)流核心區(qū)長(zhǎng)度和半衰距長(zhǎng)度變化規(guī)律；針對(duì)不同的噴嘴類(lèi)型,研究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下噴嘴射流截面流速大小及分布規(guī)律,得到了噴嘴集束性最優(yōu)時(shí)噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)范圍,為噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及選型提供技術(shù)參考。(3)具有一定湍流強(qiáng)度的冷卻水射流至帶鋼表面形成射流沖擊,并形成自由射流區(qū)、射流沖擊區(qū)和壁面射流區(qū)。對(duì)湍流射流沖擊進(jìn)行研究,得到噴嘴出口速度、尺寸和噴距對(duì)射流沖擊區(qū)和壁面射流區(qū)流速大小及分布的影響規(guī)律,對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到降低噴距對(duì)提高各個(gè)區(qū)域的流速可起到最明顯的作用,同時(shí)在帶鋼表面0.4mm漫流層流速最高,此后距帶鋼表面越遠(yuǎn)漫流層流速越低。(4)根據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)的多級(jí)阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)的高密?chē)娮旌涂p隙噴嘴,采用數(shù)值計(jì)算方法計(jì)算出不同入口速度時(shí)噴嘴長(zhǎng)度方向流速大小及分布,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比分析得到噴嘴射流均勻性最優(yōu)時(shí)的噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)。(5)對(duì)超快速冷卻過(guò)程中板形變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,得到最優(yōu)化的水比對(duì)于降低帶鋼的翹曲可起到最直接有效的作用；當(dāng)上下表面換熱系數(shù)基本相同,帶鋼邊部弱冷或過(guò)冷時(shí)可出現(xiàn)寬度方向溫度不均勻現(xiàn)象,但是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的邊部波浪,因此,最優(yōu)化的水比設(shè)定是板形質(zhì)量良好的關(guān)鍵。(6)以帶鋼冷卻過(guò)程中換熱系數(shù)為研究對(duì)象,得到了層流冷卻、加強(qiáng)型冷卻和超快速冷卻方式下不同上集管流量時(shí)最優(yōu)水比,并采用最小二乘法對(duì)最優(yōu)水比進(jìn)行擬合得到最優(yōu)水比計(jì)算公式；噴距、水溫、射流角度和噴嘴出口速度可影響帶鋼表面換熱系數(shù),對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析得到以上因素對(duì)換熱系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,該研究結(jié)果對(duì)于冷卻設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)和冷卻工藝參數(shù)的設(shè)定可起到指導(dǎo)作用;對(duì)不同冷卻方式下的冷卻強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到不同冷卻方式下?lián)Q熱系數(shù)變化情況以及呈現(xiàn)該變化規(guī)律的原因,為軋后冷卻系統(tǒng)改造或選型提供技術(shù)參考。(7)針對(duì)冷卻過(guò)程中厚度方向溫度大小及分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,得到了前置式超快冷和后置式超快冷厚度方向溫度大小及分布的主要影響因素及其影響規(guī)律。采用最小二乘法擬合得到返紅溫度、返紅時(shí)間和心表溫差計(jì)算公式；對(duì)厚度方向邊界層位置和平均溫度位置進(jìn)行研究,得到了其變化規(guī)律：邊界層位于1/4厚度方向,同時(shí)在邊界層內(nèi)側(cè)所有節(jié)點(diǎn)溫度基本相同,邊界層外側(cè)相鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的溫度差較高,且越靠近帶鋼表面,相鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的溫度差越高；厚度方向平均溫度與3/11倍厚度方向位置的溫度基本相同,且在超快速冷卻和層流冷卻過(guò)程中計(jì)算精度最高,在返溫過(guò)程中計(jì)算偏差在10℃以?xún)?nèi),且其位置基本不受冷卻速率、開(kāi)冷溫度和帶鋼厚度的影響。(8)針對(duì)超快速冷卻工藝的特點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)出供水壓力、集管流量及溫度控制方法及控制系統(tǒng),經(jīng)工業(yè)化運(yùn)行測(cè)試,所開(kāi)發(fā)的控制系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和控制精度較高,滿足了工藝需求。本論文基于實(shí)現(xiàn)熱軋帶鋼高強(qiáng)度均勻化冷卻所做的工作,對(duì)于冷卻設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)、工藝參數(shù)制定具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:This paper relies on the "12th Five-Year" National Science and technology support program in the "green steel industry production technology and demonstration project" hot rolling strip of a new generation of TMCP equipment and technology development and application "project, in the hot strip during ultra fast cooling numerical calculation as the research object, in order to achieve high strength homogeneous cooling research the target, the analytical calculation and numerical calculation method, calculation method of temperature field in hot rolled strip, and the uniformity of jet diffusion, realization method of shape optimization of cooling plate, thickness variation of temperature cooling after rolling and cooling process in the strength analysis of the five aspects of system analysis and research aiming at the key problems and key technology of ultra fast cooling ultra fast cooling equipment design and process development, the successful development of ultra fast cooling technology, and achieved good application in industrial field Results. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) according to the characteristics of hot rolled strip during cooling process, the differential equations are established. Three kinds of boundary conditions of heat conduction solution by analytical method, and compare the solution with the lumped parameter method, different calculation error range of the Biot number range; at the same time calculation method of heat transfer coefficient is analyzed, by direct calculation, the specific process of the heat transfer coefficient for calculation and experimental method, the above research results of calculation model of temperature field for the selected online, calculation error prediction and heat transfer coefficient have important reference value. (2) the cooling water from the outlet of the nozzle to jet in the air, and the air entrainment of the cooling water diffusion of jet diffusion problems, get the axial velocity of circular nozzle and crevice nozzle in the process of potential core length and half From the variation of length; for different types of nozzle were studied under different structural parameters, nozzle jet flow size and distribution, the optimal structure parameters of nozzle cluster nozzle, provide technical reference for the design and selection of nozzle structure. (3) has a certain turbulent intensity of surface cooling water jet to form jet strip the impact and the formation of free jet region, the impact area and wall jet jet to surface area. The research on turbulent jet impingement, from the nozzle exit velocity, size and jet distance influence on the size and distribution of jet flow region and wall jet region, the comparative analysis of the calculation results, reduce the jet distance of each the regional velocity plays the most significant role, at the same time on the strip surface layer flow velocity 0.4mm is highest, then from the strip surface is far lower. The velocity of cross flow layer (4) according to the development. High density nozzle and slit nozzle level damping structure, by using the numerical method to calculate the different entrance speed nozzle length direction flow size and distribution, through comparative analysis by jet nozzle structure uniformity best. (5) to study the variation of shape of ultra fast cooling process in optimum water ratio for to reduce the warpage of the strip can play the most effective role; when the upper and lower surface heat transfer coefficient is basically the same, appear the phenomenon of uneven temperature along the width of the strip edge can be weak cold or cold, but does not appear obvious side wave, therefore, the optimization of water than the set is a key quality good shape. (6) a strip in the cooling process of the heat transfer coefficient as the research object, the laminar cooling, enhanced cooling and ultra fast cooling under different set tube flow optimal water ratio, and using least squares The multiplication of the optimal ratio of water than the fitting formula of optimal water; spray distance, water temperature, jet angle and jet velocity can affect the strip surface heat transfer coefficient of influence comparison between the above factors on the heat transfer coefficient on the calculation results, the results of the study on cooling equipment design and cooling process parameter setting can play a guiding role; to analyze the cooling intensity under different cooling conditions, obtained under different cooling conditions for the change of heat coefficient and presenting the change rule of reason, to provide technical reference for cooling system modification or selection. (7) research on the thickness of the cooling process the temperature of size and distribution the main influencing factors, front and rear mounted ultra fast cooling and ultra fast cooling temperature, the size and distribution of the thickness and the influence law fitting using least squares method. Get red temperature, red time and surface temperature calculation formula; to study the thickness of boundary layer position and the average temperature, and obtains the variation rule of boundary layer of 1/4 thickness, and all the nodes in the boundary layer inside temperature is basically the same, the higher the difference between the boundary layer adjacent to the outside of the node and the temperature. The more close to the strip surface, the temperature difference between adjacent nodes is higher; the thickness and average temperature of 3/11 times the thickness direction the temperature is basically the same, and in the ultra fast cooling and laminar cooling process in the highest accuracy, the calculation deviation is within 10 DEG C temperature in the return process, and its position is not affected by the cooling rate. Effect of cooling temperature and strip thickness. (8) the ultra fast cooling process. The characteristics of the development of water supply pressure, pipe flow and temperature control method and control system, the industrial operation test, the The stability and control accuracy of the developed control system is high, which meets the process requirements. This paper is based on the work of achieving high strength homogenization cooling of hot rolled strip, which has important theoretical guiding significance for the design of cooling equipment and the formulation of process parameters.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG335.56

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