本文選題：龍門式機(jī)床　切入點(diǎn)：基礎(chǔ)混凝土徐變　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高精度機(jī)床是加工高精度工件的重要基礎(chǔ),對(duì)精度要求很高,而重型高精度機(jī)床本身的自重很大,會(huì)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)生很大的作用力,隨著時(shí)間累積導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)發(fā)生變形,而基礎(chǔ)變形又會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)床產(chǎn)生影響,如果機(jī)床變形,則機(jī)床加工精度難以保證,因此有必要研究機(jī)床和基礎(chǔ)直接的影響規(guī)律,特別是重型數(shù)控機(jī)床,對(duì)加工精度有較高的要求。本文基于混凝土徐變理論,選取合適的混凝土徐變經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算混凝土的等效彈性模量,利用有限元分析軟件分析機(jī)床自重提供的作用力對(duì)基礎(chǔ)在不同等效彈性模量下的變形,從而得出基礎(chǔ)在機(jī)床自重下隨時(shí)間的變形曲線,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證方法的可行性。建立機(jī)床等效模型,龍門式機(jī)床簡(jiǎn)化為梁?jiǎn)卧目蚣芙Y(jié)構(gòu),然后利用應(yīng)用非線性有限元中的路徑跟蹤方法計(jì)算由基礎(chǔ)變形引起的機(jī)床變形。針對(duì)的研究對(duì)象為重型龍門式機(jī)床,研究機(jī)床自重引起的基礎(chǔ)變形,然后分析基礎(chǔ)的變形對(duì)機(jī)床的影響。文中闡述了多種混凝土徐變計(jì)算理論及經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)及經(jīng)驗(yàn)采取了工程應(yīng)用最為廣泛的方法估算混凝土徐變;并結(jié)合有限元軟件workbench分析基礎(chǔ)變形,通過(guò)對(duì)比計(jì)算結(jié)果和實(shí)際測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ)變形數(shù)據(jù)可選取符合變化規(guī)律的數(shù)據(jù);并對(duì)比多種非線性有限元求解方法,分析了載荷控制法、位移控制法以及弧長(zhǎng)法的特點(diǎn),選取合適的路徑跟蹤方法求解機(jī)床模型變形,得到了基礎(chǔ)變形與機(jī)床變形之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)得到的結(jié)果基礎(chǔ)在受力初期變形比較快,可以制定預(yù)壓方案消除受力初期基礎(chǔ)的變形,并根據(jù)變形規(guī)律調(diào)整機(jī)床的精度。同時(shí)根據(jù)非線性有限元分析得出的機(jī)床變形,可針對(duì)變形比較大的部位加固機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu),減少機(jī)床受基礎(chǔ)變形的影響。
[Abstract]:High precision machine tool is the important foundation of machining high precision workpiece, which requires very high precision. However, heavy duty high precision machine tool itself has a very large weight, which will produce great force on foundation, which will result in deformation of foundation with time accumulation. And the foundation deformation will have an effect on the machine tool. If the machine tool is deformed, it is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy of the machine tool. Therefore, it is necessary to study the direct influence law of the machine tool and foundation, especially the heavy-duty numerical control machine tool. In this paper, based on the creep theory of concrete, the equivalent elastic modulus of concrete is calculated by selecting appropriate empirical formula of concrete creep. The finite element analysis software is used to analyze the deformation of the foundation under different equivalent elastic modulus by the force provided by the weight of the machine tool, and the deformation curve of the foundation with time under the weight of the machine tool is obtained. The feasibility of the method is verified by experiments. The equivalent model of the machine tool is established, and the gantry machine tool is simplified to the frame structure of the beam element. Then using the path tracking method in the nonlinear finite element to calculate the deformation caused by the foundation deformation. The research object is the heavy-duty gantry machine tool, and the foundation deformation caused by the self-weight of the machine tool is studied. Then, the influence of foundation deformation on machine tool is analyzed. Many kinds of concrete creep calculation theories and empirical formulas are expounded, and the most widely used method to estimate concrete creep is adopted according to the measured data and experience. Combined with the finite element software workbench, the foundation deformation data can be selected according to the changing law by comparing the calculation results with the actual measured basic deformation data, and the load control method is analyzed by comparing various nonlinear finite element solution methods. Based on the characteristics of displacement control method and arc length method, a suitable path tracking method is selected to solve the deformation of the machine tool model, and the relationship between the foundation deformation and the deformation of the machine tool is obtained. The preloading scheme can be formulated to eliminate the deformation of the initial foundation and adjust the accuracy of the machine tool according to the deformation law. At the same time, according to the nonlinear finite element analysis, the deformation of the machine tool can be strengthened for the parts with large deformation. Reduce the influence of foundation deformation on machine tool.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU433;TG502

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