本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多孔鎳 微米粒子 納米粒子 燒結(jié) 腐蝕　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：多孔金屬材料不僅擁有金屬材料的導(dǎo)電性強(qiáng)、強(qiáng)度高、韌性好等金屬特性,還具備了體積密度低、比表面積高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這些優(yōu)良的特性使多孔金屬材料得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。其中多孔鎳在催化領(lǐng)域可作為催化劑或載體,在鋰空氣電池、超級(jí)電容器等能源領(lǐng)域可作為電極載體,在過(guò)濾分離行業(yè)可用于氣-固分離等應(yīng)用使其成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。多孔金屬材料的制備方法多樣,但都存在各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),將多種制備方法結(jié)合可以更好地控制多孔材料的制備過(guò)程和孔結(jié)構(gòu)。本文分別以微米粒子和納米粒子為原料,采用燒結(jié)法和腐蝕造孔法相結(jié)合的方法來(lái)制備多孔鎳金屬材料。鎳和鋁納米粒子采用直流電弧氫等離子體法制備,并用TEM、XRD等方法進(jìn)行表征,對(duì)于多孔體采用SEM、XRD、DTA、BET等表征方法進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,A1的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為16.7%的Ni/A1納米粒子,在氬氣保護(hù)的條件下800℃燒結(jié)的產(chǎn)物為NiAl金屬間化合物,形成的孔結(jié)構(gòu)呈融化不規(guī)則狀；而同樣成分的微米粒子燒結(jié)產(chǎn)物為Ni2Al3,形成A1微米粒子消耗坍陷的孔結(jié)構(gòu)。單一的燒結(jié)方法可以形成孔結(jié)構(gòu),而輔以化學(xué)腐蝕法則使孔結(jié)構(gòu)更具可控性。燒結(jié)溫度、腐蝕條件是決定孔結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵因素,經(jīng)過(guò)500℃燒結(jié)并利用NaOH溶液腐蝕的納米粒子Ni/Al燒結(jié)體可以獲得納米多孔鎳金屬材料,其孔徑在幾十至幾百納米,比表面積為18.948m2/g,相同條件下的微米粒子Ni/Al燒結(jié)體可以獲得均勻的、平均孔徑約為401μm的圓孔結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,本文還對(duì)多孔鎳制備過(guò)程中的燒結(jié)行為和腐蝕行為進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)納米粒子Ni/Al燒結(jié)體的體積膨脹率低于相同成分的微米粒子燒結(jié)體的體積膨脹率；納米粒子燒結(jié)體相比微米粒子燒結(jié)體,更難被NaOH溶液腐蝕；且無(wú)論粒子粒度如何,燒結(jié)溫度越高,腐蝕后多孔鎳中殘留的Al含量越高。對(duì)于微米粒子Ni/A1燒結(jié)體,在800℃燒結(jié)時(shí),Al含量越多,燒結(jié)后的體積膨脹率越大,形成的孔徑和孔個(gè)數(shù)增多,但當(dāng)Al含量達(dá)到一定程度時(shí)(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)約40%以上),由于過(guò)量的Al堵塞表面孔洞,形成粗糙的表面結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Porous metal materials not only have high electrical conductivity, high strength, good toughness and other metal characteristics, but also have low bulk density. These excellent properties make porous metal materials widely used. Porous nickel can be used as catalyst or carrier in lithium-air batteries in the field of catalysis. Supercapacitors and other energy fields can be used as electrode carriers in the filtration separation industry can be used in gas-solid separation applications make it a research hotspot. The preparation methods of porous metal materials are various. However, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The preparation process and pore structure of porous materials can be better controlled by combining various preparation methods. In this paper, micron particles and nano-particles are used as raw materials, respectively. The porous nickel metal materials were prepared by sintering method and corrosion pore-forming method. The nickel and aluminum nanoparticles were prepared by DC arc hydrogen plasma method and characterized by TEM XRD and so on. The Ni/A1 nanoparticles with a mass fraction of 16.7% were analyzed by means of SEM-XRDX DTA-BET and other characterization methods. The product sintered at 800 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1489222