本文關(guān)鍵詞： 壓力氣瓶 熱處理 Q-P工藝 Q-P(-T)工藝　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶承載壓力高,長期工作在“加載—卸載”的疲勞環(huán)境中。天然氣鋼瓶發(fā)生爆炸事故的主要原因之一就是氣瓶在熱處理生產(chǎn)過程后的殘余應(yīng)力水平過高。由于大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶具有尺寸大、質(zhì)量大的特點(diǎn),其熱處理工藝往往十分復(fù)雜。淬火 回火過程是大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶熱處理工藝中最為重要的環(huán)節(jié),對其最終質(zhì)量和使用性能起著至關(guān)重要的作用。數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)可以準(zhǔn)確逼真的模擬淬火 回火工藝生產(chǎn),預(yù)測熱處理后工件質(zhì)量,為大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶的調(diào)質(zhì)工藝制定與生產(chǎn)工藝優(yōu)化提供了一種有效研究方法。首先,本文通過查閱文獻(xiàn)獲得了30Cr Mo鋼的高溫力學(xué)性能以及30Cr Mo鋼中不同組織在不同溫度下的比熱和常溫密度,并給出了材料的TTT曲線和CCT曲線,為數(shù)值模擬研究提供了可靠的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。接著,考慮了大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶在熱處理過程中溫度-組織-應(yīng)力三者間的相互耦合關(guān)系,變物性參數(shù)、相變潛熱、相變塑性等因素對調(diào)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)過程的影響,建立了大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶熱處理過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型。并利用CAD和CAE軟件,建立了大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶的三維幾何模型和有限元模型。進(jìn)而利用有限元軟件分析平臺DEFORM,結(jié)合實(shí)際熱處理生產(chǎn)工藝特點(diǎn),對大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶的傳統(tǒng)淬火-回火(Q-T)淬火過程,設(shè)計(jì)了“內(nèi)表面間歇徑向噴霧外表面連續(xù)噴水”和“內(nèi)外表面同步間歇噴霧”兩種淬火工藝,并進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,分析了傳統(tǒng)淬火-回火過程中氣瓶內(nèi)特征節(jié)點(diǎn)的溫度、組織和應(yīng)力的變化情況。然后,針對氣瓶使用過程中強(qiáng)度滿足但韌性不足的特點(diǎn),提出對大直徑厚壁壓力氣瓶進(jìn)行新型Q-P和Q-P-T熱處理工藝方案,并對新型工藝下氣瓶的溫度和應(yīng)力演變情況進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬分析。幾種工藝模的數(shù)值擬分析結(jié)果表明,四種熱處理工藝淬火過程可以不同程度調(diào)節(jié)瓶體截面的溫度梯度及瓶內(nèi)氣壓,降低淬火應(yīng)力,保證瓶體完全淬透,最終熱處理后獲得不同程度的殘余應(yīng)力。最后,通過拉伸試驗(yàn)、掃描電鏡、XRD實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了有限元分析模型的有效性,分析了各工藝的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并根據(jù)氣瓶使用要求和各工藝參數(shù)特點(diǎn)確定了最佳工藝。
[Abstract]:The pressure cylinder with large diameter and thick wall has high bearing pressure. Long term work in "load-unload" In the fatigue environment, one of the main reasons for the explosion accident of natural gas cylinder is that the residual stress level of gas cylinder after heat treatment is too high. The process of quenching and tempering is the most important part in the heat treatment process of large-diameter thick-wall pressure gas cylinder. Numerical simulation technology can accurately simulate quenching and tempering process and predict the quality of workpiece after heat treatment. It provides an effective research method for the development of tempering process and optimization of production process for large-diameter thick-wall pressure cylinder. First of all. In this paper, the high temperature mechanical properties of 30CrMo steel and the specific heat and normal temperature density of different microstructure in 30CrMo steel at different temperatures were obtained. The TTT curves and CCT curves of the materials are given, which provide reliable basic data for the numerical simulation. The coupling relationship between temperature, microstructure and stress, the variable physical parameters, the latent heat of phase transformation and the plastic transformation of the large-diameter thick-wall pressure gas cylinder during heat treatment were taken into account in the process of tempering and tempering. The mathematical model of the heat treatment process of the large-diameter thick-wall pressure cylinder was established, and the software CAD and CAE were used. The three-dimensional geometry model and finite element model of the large-diameter thick-wall pressure cylinder are established, and then the finite element software platform deform is used to combine the characteristics of the actual heat treatment production process. For the traditional quenching and tempering Q-T quenching process of large-diameter thick-wall pressure cylinder, two quenching processes, "intermittent radial spray external surface continuous water spray" and "internal and external surface synchronous intermittent spray", were designed. The change of temperature, microstructure and stress of the characteristic node in the gas cylinder during the traditional quenching and tempering process is analyzed. In view of the characteristic that the strength is satisfied but the toughness is insufficient during the use of the gas cylinder, a new type of Q-P and Q-P-T heat treatment process for the large-diameter thick-wall pressure cylinder is put forward. The temperature and stress evolution of the gas cylinder under the new process are simulated and analyzed. The numerical simulation results of several process models show that. The quenching process of four heat treatment processes can adjust the temperature gradient of the bottle cross section and the air pressure in the bottle to varying degrees, reduce the quenching stress, and ensure the complete quenching of the bottle body. After the final heat treatment, different degrees of residual stress were obtained. Finally, the validity of the finite element analysis model was verified by tensile test and SEM XRD test, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process were analyzed. The optimum process is determined according to the requirements of the cylinder and the characteristics of each process parameter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG161

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本文編號：1461708