【摘要】：當(dāng)高速列車通過隧道時(shí)，由于空氣可壓縮性和流動(dòng)空間受限，在隧道內(nèi)外誘發(fā)初始壓縮波、隧道內(nèi)壓力波和進(jìn)口波等現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)，由于列車在復(fù)線隧道中運(yùn)行時(shí)流動(dòng)的不對稱性，而誘發(fā)列車的橫向振動(dòng)問題。隨著高速列車運(yùn)行速度的不斷提高，隧道空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)問題越來越得以重視，而且也成為乘車舒適性的重要指標(biāo)，因此，隧道洞內(nèi)外壓力脈動(dòng)問題值得進(jìn)行研究。 建立高速列車的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)幾何模型和對應(yīng)的隧道模型，進(jìn)行高速列車進(jìn)入隧道時(shí)的三維可壓縮非定常湍流流動(dòng)模擬。采用基于有限體積方法的STAR-CD軟件及其滑移網(wǎng)格技術(shù)，以CRH380A模型為基本模型，進(jìn)行空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)問題分析，主要針對初始壓縮波、隧道內(nèi)壓力波、進(jìn)口波、列車表面壓力波特性及氣動(dòng)力及力矩進(jìn)行分析。對比三種不同網(wǎng)格尺度下，，對以上問題的影響特性進(jìn)行研究。同時(shí)對高雷諾數(shù)SST k ω湍流模型、RNG k ε模型及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k ε模型下對進(jìn)口波、隧道內(nèi)壓力波及車體上測點(diǎn)壓力波動(dòng)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析。運(yùn)用了分區(qū)思想和不同密度區(qū)的思想，對網(wǎng)格進(jìn)行劃分，為減少網(wǎng)格數(shù)目，充分利用計(jì)算資源提供可靠的依據(jù)。 研究結(jié)果表明：進(jìn)口波問題描述，在三種不同網(wǎng)格下，該問題描述的均趨于最密網(wǎng)格的數(shù)值結(jié)果�；诖嗽谧蠲芫W(wǎng)格下，對初始壓縮波，給出波形圖、壓力云圖及速度矢量圖，可以得出進(jìn)口波隨徑向的衰減性。列車兩側(cè)流動(dòng)的不對稱性，從而使列車兩側(cè)受力不同。對高雷諾數(shù)SST k ω、RNG k ε和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k ε模型的進(jìn)口波和隧道內(nèi)壓力波之間差別不大，對列車車頭、車尾處的壓力波的稍有差別。 三維流動(dòng)模型能較好的揭示隧道內(nèi)外壓力脈動(dòng)與列車的關(guān)系，本文為認(rèn)識理解高速列車過隧道引起洞內(nèi)外壓力脈動(dòng)現(xiàn)象和列車所受力及力矩的不平衡性為列車運(yùn)動(dòng)安全和平穩(wěn)提供了有益參考。
[Abstract]:When the high-speed train passes through the tunnel, due to the limitation of air compressibility and flow space, the initial compression wave, the pressure wave and the inlet wave inside and outside the tunnel are induced. At the same time, the lateral vibration of the train is induced because of the asymmetry of the flow of the train in the double-track tunnel. With the continuous improvement of the running speed of high-speed trains, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of tunnel aerodynamics, and it has become an important index of ride comfort. Therefore, the problem of pressure pulsation inside and outside the tunnel is worth studying. The aerodynamic geometric model and the corresponding tunnel model of the high-speed train are established to simulate the three-dimensional compressible and unstable turbulent flow when the high-speed train enters the tunnel. The STAR-CD software based on finite volume method and its slip grid technology are used to analyze the aerodynamics problems based on CRH380A model. The characteristics, aerodynamics and torque of initial compression wave, tunnel pressure wave, inlet wave, train surface pressure wave are analyzed. Compared with three different grid scales, the influence characteristics of the above problems are studied. At the same time, the numerical simulation results of inlet wave, pressure in tunnel and pressure fluctuation at measured point on vehicle body are compared and analyzed under high Reynolds number SST k 蠅 turbulence model, RNG k 蔚 model and standard k 蔚 model. The idea of partition and the idea of different density areas are used to divide the grid, which provides a reliable basis for reducing the number of grids and making full use of computing resources. The results show that the numerical results of the imported wave problem description tend to the densest grid under three different grids. Based on this, the wave diagram, pressure cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram of the initial compression wave are given under the densest grid, and the attenuation of the inlet wave with the radial direction can be obtained. The asymmetry of the flow between the two sides of the train, so that the force on both sides of the train is different. There is no significant difference between the inlet wave and the pressure wave in the tunnel for the high Reynolds number SST k 蠅, RNG k 蔚 and the standard k 蔚 model, but there is a slight difference for the pressure wave at the front and rear of the train. The three-dimensional flow model can better reveal the relationship between the pressure fluctuation inside and outside the tunnel and the train. This paper provides a useful reference for the safety and stability of the train movement by understanding the phenomenon of pressure fluctuation inside and outside the tunnel caused by the high-speed train passing through the tunnel and the imbalance of the force and moment of the train.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U270.11;U451.3

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