【摘要】：在各類交通方式中,步行交通有其不可替代的作用。行人在行走過程中,存在較多使行人流交叉、相向而行的通道,導致行人交織區(qū)域的人流線特征混合,影響行人走行時間、交織區(qū)域的通行能力和服務水平。針對這一問題,國內外學者建立行人微觀行為模型進行研究,并取得了顯著的成果。 本文對行人交通特征進行了總結概括,分析了行人行為的社會力仿真模型,并重點對社會力模型的改進研究成果進行闡述,為本文基于社會力模型的行人超越和對向避讓模型的研究,提供了理論支撐。 本文的主要研究內容如下： (1)針對傳統(tǒng)社會力模型的不足,在前人研究的基礎之上,引入個體決策行為,重點考慮超越及對向避碰行為。針對傳統(tǒng)社會力模型中受力關系導致的行人無法進行超越及避讓不夠合理的現(xiàn)象進行了改進；構建視覺機制,規(guī)定行人發(fā)生行為的視覺密度范圍,作為發(fā)生行人行為之前的條件判斷。行人能夠根據(jù)自己走行目的地,實施超越和對向提前避讓,使模型更接近實際。 (2)結合行人決策行為對社會力模型進行了改進,建立了城軌通道內行人超越與對向避讓(避讓分為單人繞行和雙人繞行模型)模型。 (3)借助MATLAB軟件,分別對傳統(tǒng)社會力模型、前人改進社會力模型及本文建立的城軌通道內行人超越與對向避讓模型編制了程序,對行人同向超越及對向避讓的行為進行仿真。通過對模型參數(shù)的設置,構建不同的環(huán)境進行仿真實驗。 (4)將本文建立的城軌通道內行人超越和對向避讓模型,與傳統(tǒng)社會力模型和前人改進的社會力模型進行了對比分析,通過行人發(fā)生行為時通道走行時間、移動軌跡及算法時間復雜度的比較,驗證了本文提出的改進模型優(yōu)于前人的模型,更接近實際。
[Abstract]:Among all kinds of traffic modes, pedestrian traffic plays an irreplaceable role. In the process of pedestrian walking, there are many passageways that make pedestrian flow cross and go in opposite direction, which leads to the mixing of human streamline characteristics in pedestrian interlaced area, which affects the pedestrian walking time, the traffic capacity and service level of the interlaced area. In order to solve this problem, scholars at home and abroad have established pedestrian micro-behavior model to study, and have achieved remarkable results. In this paper, the characteristics of pedestrian traffic are summarized, the social force simulation model of pedestrian behavior is analyzed, and the improved research results of social force model are expounded, which provides theoretical support for the research of pedestrian transcendence and directional avoidance model based on social force model. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) in view of the shortcomings of the traditional social force model, on the basis of previous studies, the introduction of individual decision-making behavior, focusing on transcendence and directional collision avoidance behavior. In view of the unreasonable phenomenon that pedestrians can not surpass and avoid the behavior caused by the force relationship in the traditional social force model, the visual mechanism is constructed to define the range of visual density of pedestrian behavior as the condition judgment before the occurrence of pedestrian behavior. Pedestrians can move according to their destination, carry out transcendence and evade ahead of time, so that the model is closer to reality. (2) combined with pedestrian decision-making behavior, the social force model is improved, and the models of pedestrian transcendence and concealment (avoidance is divided into single bypass model and double bypass model) are established. (3) with the help of MATLAB software, the traditional social force model, the previous improved social force model and the pedestrian transcendence and concealment model established in this paper are programmed to simulate the behavior of pedestrian co-direction transcendence and directional avoidance. Through the setting of model parameters, different environments are constructed to carry out simulation experiments. (4) the pedestrian transcendence and concealment model established in this paper is compared with the traditional social force model and the previous improved social force model. By comparing the passage running time, moving trajectory and algorithm time complexity when pedestrians occur, it is verified that the improved model proposed in this paper is superior to the previous model and is closer to the reality.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.226

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本文編號：2499869