復合材料防撞套箱的數(shù)值模擬研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-31 17:57
【摘要】：近幾年來，隨著公鐵交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅速發(fā)展，我國修建了大量跨越內(nèi)河航道甚至海峽的橋梁，同時隨著水利運輸業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，我國內(nèi)河航道的運輸?shù)燃壱苍诓粩嗟奶嵘旭傆谄渲械拇安粌H在數(shù)量方面不斷增多，，噸位也越來越大。橋梁是城市發(fā)展的重要標志，但在另一方面，過多的橋梁會給航道運輸帶來不少麻煩。國內(nèi)外橋梁船撞事故頻發(fā)，輕則需要對橋梁進行維護、加固，重則會造成橋梁垮塌、人員傷亡，因此船－橋碰撞已成為橋梁設(shè)計者亟需解決的問題。為了預防船撞橋梁事故，國內(nèi)外的橋梁設(shè)計者采取了許多相應的防范措施，其中就包括對已修建或在建橋梁加裝被動防撞裝置。防撞裝置的作用就是通過改變船舶的撞擊方向或者減少船舶撞擊力來降低對橋梁的損害，于此同時盡可能的減小對船舶和防撞裝置造成的損害。世界上已投入使用了大量不同種類的橋梁防撞裝置，并根據(jù)自身的特點適用于不同的情況。本文以一種新型的復合材料防撞套箱為研究背景，采用試驗研究和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法，對該種防撞套箱的防撞消能性能展開研究。 本文首先簡述船－橋碰撞問題的主要研究方法，分析比較各種方法的優(yōu)劣，提出本文的研究方法采用試驗與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方式。之后對國內(nèi)外對于復合材料的試驗研究以及數(shù)值模擬研究的概況進行簡要匯總，借鑒國內(nèi)外船－橋碰撞試驗的一般做法，設(shè)計復合材料防撞套箱碰撞試驗方案。采用相同的撞擊質(zhì)量和不同的撞擊速度分別撞擊無防撞套箱保護的試驗梁和防撞套箱保護系統(tǒng)，對試驗設(shè)置4個工況。對碰撞過程中所采集的試驗梁關(guān)鍵截面的動態(tài)加速度和動態(tài)位移進行統(tǒng)計分析，得出在不同的撞擊速度下，有防撞套箱防護相較于無防撞套箱防護，試驗梁的加速度與動位移峰值均能大幅度削減。在進行碰撞試驗的同時，采用LS-DYNA非線性有限元動力分析軟件對碰撞試驗進行數(shù)值模擬分析，將碰撞試驗采集所得數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)值模擬計算所得結(jié)果進行了對比分析，從分析結(jié)果可知，數(shù)值模擬加速度數(shù)據(jù)比試驗數(shù)據(jù)要大，動位移數(shù)據(jù)則為試驗數(shù)據(jù)一半左右，但在防撞套箱的消能效果方面，兩者總體趨勢相一致。 最后采用與試驗數(shù)值模擬計算相同的方法，對某大橋防撞能力相對較弱的P1輔助墩，分別從不同的防護狀態(tài)以及不同的撞擊速度兩方面的內(nèi)容進行了數(shù)值模擬，從工程實例的角度來進一步驗證該防撞套箱的防撞性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of public railway transportation network, China has built a large number of bridges across inland waterways and even straits. At the same time, with the continuous development of water conservancy transport industry, the transportation grade of inland waterways in China is also constantly improving. The number of ships in it is not only increasing, but also the tonnage is increasing. Bridge is an important symbol of urban development, but on the other hand, too many bridges will bring a lot of trouble to waterway transportation. Bridge collision accidents occur frequently at home and abroad, light need to maintain the bridge, reinforcement, heavy will cause bridge collapse, casualties, so ship-bridge collision has become an urgent problem for bridge designers to solve. In order to prevent ship collision bridge accidents, bridge designers at home and abroad have taken many corresponding preventive measures, including the installation of passive anti-collision devices for bridges that have been built or under construction. The function of the anti-collision device is to reduce the damage to the bridge by changing the impact direction of the ship or reducing the impact force of the ship, and at the same time to reduce the damage to the ship and the anti-collision device as much as possible. A large number of different kinds of bridge anti-collision devices have been put into use in the world, and they are suitable for different situations according to their own characteristics. In this paper, based on the research background of a new type of composite anti-collision sleeve box, the anti-collision energy dissipation performance of this kind of anti-collision sleeve box is studied by means of experimental research and numerical simulation. In this paper, the main research methods of ship-bridge collision problem are briefly described, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed and compared, and the research method of this paper is put forward by combining test with numerical simulation. After that, the general situation of the experimental research and numerical simulation of composite materials at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and the collision test scheme of composite anti-collision sleeve box is designed by using the general method of ship-bridge collision test at home and abroad for reference. The same impact mass and different impact velocity are used to hit the test beam and the anti-collision box protection system without collision box protection respectively, and four working conditions are set up for the test. The dynamic acceleration and dynamic displacement of the key section of the test beam collected during the collision are statistically analyzed, and it is concluded that the protection of the anti-collision sleeve box is compared with the protection of the non-collision sleeve box at different impact speeds. The acceleration and dynamic displacement peak value of the test beam can be greatly reduced. At the same time, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis software is used to simulate and analyze the collision test, and the data collected from the collision test and the results obtained by numerical simulation are compared and analyzed. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the numerical simulation acceleration data are larger than the experimental data, and the dynamic displacement data are about half of the test data, but the overall trend of the energy dissipation effect of the anti-collision sleeve box is consistent with each other. Finally, using the same method as the experimental numerical simulation, the P1 auxiliary pier with relatively weak anti-collision ability of a bridge is simulated from two aspects: different protection state and different impact velocity. The anti-collision performance of the anti-collision sleeve box is further verified from the point of view of an engineering example.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U443.26
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of public railway transportation network, China has built a large number of bridges across inland waterways and even straits. At the same time, with the continuous development of water conservancy transport industry, the transportation grade of inland waterways in China is also constantly improving. The number of ships in it is not only increasing, but also the tonnage is increasing. Bridge is an important symbol of urban development, but on the other hand, too many bridges will bring a lot of trouble to waterway transportation. Bridge collision accidents occur frequently at home and abroad, light need to maintain the bridge, reinforcement, heavy will cause bridge collapse, casualties, so ship-bridge collision has become an urgent problem for bridge designers to solve. In order to prevent ship collision bridge accidents, bridge designers at home and abroad have taken many corresponding preventive measures, including the installation of passive anti-collision devices for bridges that have been built or under construction. The function of the anti-collision device is to reduce the damage to the bridge by changing the impact direction of the ship or reducing the impact force of the ship, and at the same time to reduce the damage to the ship and the anti-collision device as much as possible. A large number of different kinds of bridge anti-collision devices have been put into use in the world, and they are suitable for different situations according to their own characteristics. In this paper, based on the research background of a new type of composite anti-collision sleeve box, the anti-collision energy dissipation performance of this kind of anti-collision sleeve box is studied by means of experimental research and numerical simulation. In this paper, the main research methods of ship-bridge collision problem are briefly described, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed and compared, and the research method of this paper is put forward by combining test with numerical simulation. After that, the general situation of the experimental research and numerical simulation of composite materials at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and the collision test scheme of composite anti-collision sleeve box is designed by using the general method of ship-bridge collision test at home and abroad for reference. The same impact mass and different impact velocity are used to hit the test beam and the anti-collision box protection system without collision box protection respectively, and four working conditions are set up for the test. The dynamic acceleration and dynamic displacement of the key section of the test beam collected during the collision are statistically analyzed, and it is concluded that the protection of the anti-collision sleeve box is compared with the protection of the non-collision sleeve box at different impact speeds. The acceleration and dynamic displacement peak value of the test beam can be greatly reduced. At the same time, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis software is used to simulate and analyze the collision test, and the data collected from the collision test and the results obtained by numerical simulation are compared and analyzed. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the numerical simulation acceleration data are larger than the experimental data, and the dynamic displacement data are about half of the test data, but the overall trend of the energy dissipation effect of the anti-collision sleeve box is consistent with each other. Finally, using the same method as the experimental numerical simulation, the P1 auxiliary pier with relatively weak anti-collision ability of a bridge is simulated from two aspects: different protection state and different impact velocity. The anti-collision performance of the anti-collision sleeve box is further verified from the point of view of an engineering example.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U443.26
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