【摘要】：近年來，我國高速公路與鐵路建設(shè)事業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，其中破碎巖質(zhì)隧道工程在隧道施工中所占比例也逐漸增加，但是在破碎巖質(zhì)隧道設(shè)計施工過程中也暴露出了越來越多的問題，比如支護結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)選擇難、支護施作時機確定難等，這些難題一直困擾著破碎巖質(zhì)隧道支護技術(shù)應(yīng)用與發(fā)展。 首先，本文總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外破碎巖質(zhì)隧道支護理論的發(fā)展，闡述了此類工程施工特性、破碎巖質(zhì)隧道變形和失穩(wěn)的力學(xué)機制、破碎巖質(zhì)隧道支護作用機理、破碎巖質(zhì)隧道支護優(yōu)化理論，在此基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用MIDAS/GTS有限元軟件以破碎巖質(zhì)隧道為研究對象，通過建立三維有限元模型模擬了該破碎巖質(zhì)隧道開挖和支護全過程，主要分析了破碎巖質(zhì)隧道支護結(jié)構(gòu)中噴射混凝土強度等級對破碎巖質(zhì)隧道圍巖開挖變形及噴射混凝土軸應(yīng)力的影響、錨桿支護參數(shù)（錨桿長度、直徑、間排距）對破碎巖質(zhì)隧道圍巖開挖變形及錨桿軸力的影響、鋼拱架支護參數(shù)（鋼拱架間距、型鋼型號）并對破碎巖質(zhì)隧道圍巖開挖變形及鋼拱架軸力的影響、二次襯砌混凝土強度等級及混凝土厚度對破碎巖質(zhì)隧道圍巖后期變形及二襯軸應(yīng)力的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上本文對支護結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及支護方式進行了優(yōu)化研究，提出了該破碎巖質(zhì)隧道的最優(yōu)支護參數(shù)和支護方式。 其次，本文闡明了二次襯砌最佳施作時機的提出及發(fā)展歷程，闡述了二次襯砌最佳施作時機的各種判定標準及判定方法，并結(jié)合實際工程的監(jiān)控量測數(shù)據(jù)，以最能直觀反映圍巖變形情況的圍巖變形位移量和最能直觀反映圍巖應(yīng)力釋放的初期支護各結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變變化規(guī)律為主要控制參數(shù)，對破碎巖質(zhì)隧道二次襯砌支護的施作時機進行深入研究，得到了該破碎巖質(zhì)隧道在原支護結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計條件下二襯的最優(yōu)施作時機，并在此理論基礎(chǔ)上利用前期本隧道優(yōu)化后的各支護結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)值通過數(shù)值模擬，最終確定該隧道在最優(yōu)支護參數(shù)和支護方式條件下二襯的最優(yōu)施作時機。以上研究成果可為類似地質(zhì)條件下軟弱圍巖隧道的設(shè)計和施工提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, highway and railway construction in China has developed rapidly, in which the proportion of broken rock tunnel engineering in tunnel construction has gradually increased, but more and more problems have been exposed in the design and construction process of broken rock tunnel. For example, it is difficult to select the parameters of supporting structure and to determine the timing of supporting. These problems have been perplexing the application and development of support technology for broken rock tunnel. First of all, this paper summarizes the development of broken rock tunnel support theory at home and abroad, expounds the construction characteristics of this kind of engineering, the mechanical mechanism of deformation and instability of broken rock tunnel, and the supporting mechanism of broken rock tunnel. Based on the optimization theory of broken rock tunnel support, the whole process of excavation and support of broken rock tunnel is simulated by establishing three-dimensional finite element model by using MIDAS/GTS finite element software to take broken rock tunnel as the research object. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of shotcrete strength grade on the excavation deformation and axial stress of shotcrete in the supporting structure of broken rock tunnel, and the parameters of bolt support (bolt length, diameter, etc.) The influence of steel arch frame support parameters (steel arch frame spacing, section steel type) on the excavation deformation and axial force of steel arch frame in the surrounding rock of broken rock tunnel, and the influence of steel arch frame support parameters (steel arch frame spacing, section steel type) on the excavation deformation and axial force of steel arch frame of broken rock tunnel. Effect of strength grade and concrete thickness of secondary lining concrete on deformation of surrounding rock and stress of secondary lining shaft in broken rock tunnel. On this basis, the parameters and supporting methods of the supporting structure are optimized, and the optimal supporting parameters and supporting methods of the broken rock tunnel are put forward. Secondly, this paper expounds the proposal and development course of the best operation time of the secondary lining, expounds various criteria and methods of determining the best operation time of the secondary lining, and combines the monitoring and measurement data of the actual project. The deformation displacement of surrounding rock, which can reflect the deformation of surrounding rock, and the variation of stress and strain of each structure in the initial supporting structure, which can reflect the stress release of surrounding rock, are taken as the main control parameters. The application time of the secondary lining support of the broken rock tunnel is deeply studied, and the optimal operation time of the second lining of the broken rock tunnel under the original supporting structure design condition is obtained. On the basis of this theory, the optimal operation time of the second lining under the condition of the optimal support parameters and supporting mode of the tunnel is finally determined by numerical simulation with the parameters of the supporting structure optimized in the early stage of the tunnel. The above research results can provide scientific theoretical basis and guidance for the design and construction of weak surrounding rock tunnel under similar geological conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455.91

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