基于生態(tài)平衡的隧道地下水滲控方法及限排水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-05 05:46
【摘要】：隧道埋設(shè)于地下,往往被地下水所包圍,對地下水的控制尤為重要。過量排放地下水易造成地下水位下降,生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞等危害,而對于地下水位較高的隧道,全封堵地下水襯砌無法承受過大水壓力,如何確定一個合理的既能保護生態(tài)環(huán)境免遭破壞又使襯砌承受合理水壓的地下水排放量是一直未能很好解決的問題。 為此,本文以地下水動力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),對隧道圍巖涌水量計算方法進(jìn)行研究；在考慮滲透系數(shù)隨深度非線性變化的基礎(chǔ)上,對非均質(zhì)各向同性圍巖涌水量計算方法進(jìn)行了分析,并考慮了注漿圈及襯砌的影響；引入生態(tài)學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)中有關(guān)植被生態(tài)需水的概念,采用井流理論、面井法等方法對維持生態(tài)平衡條件下地下水的限排量計算方法及隧道的限排水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行研究。通過以上理論推導(dǎo)及實例分析,主要取得了如下研究成果： (1)采用地下水動力學(xué)中的井流理論,基于地下水運動的質(zhì)量守恒、能量守恒定律,推導(dǎo)考慮流速的涌水量計算公式,并進(jìn)一步得出了隧道施作注漿圈及襯砌后的涌水量計算公式。通過分析得出考慮流速涌水量小于不考慮流速情況下涌水量,但流速效應(yīng)對涌水量影響不顯著,而考慮流速的襯砌水壓力則大于不考慮流速情況下襯砌水壓力。通過參數(shù)分析得出能經(jīng)濟有效降低隧道涌水量的注漿圈滲透系數(shù)及厚度的范圍值。分析了襯砌外水壓力與地下水排放量大小之間的關(guān)系。 (2)考慮滲透系數(shù)隨深度非線性變化,推導(dǎo)了非均質(zhì)各向同性圍巖涌水量計算公式,與已有計算方法結(jié)果較接近。通過分析得到考慮巖體滲透系數(shù)隨深度非線性變化后涌水量的變化趨勢及變化規(guī)律,所獲成果可以對隧道的選址提供依據(jù)。得出考慮圍巖滲透系數(shù)非線性變化情況下注漿堵水參數(shù)計算公式,由于滲透系數(shù)一般隨隧道埋深增大而減小,在進(jìn)行注漿堵水時應(yīng)考慮到這種變化,以避免設(shè)計的注漿圈滲透系數(shù)大于圍巖滲透系數(shù)而不能達(dá)到堵水的目的。 (3)從地下水平衡的角度出發(fā),引入生態(tài)學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)中植被生態(tài)需水的概念,控制地下水位最大降深在植被正常生長所允許范圍內(nèi),推導(dǎo)出地下水降水漏斗體積計算公式,結(jié)合隧道圍巖參數(shù)得出地下水總排放量,與降雨補給量進(jìn)行比較,得到恢復(fù)隧址區(qū)原始地下水位所允許的排放量。對于運營期隧道,推導(dǎo)了隧址區(qū)地下水位動態(tài)變化反分析公式,通過對堵水限排隧道排水量的監(jiān)測,結(jié)合隧道圍巖與初襯滲透系數(shù)等參數(shù),可反分析得出地下水位,為地下水位的實時監(jiān)控提供依據(jù)。 (4)將井流理論中面井法引入到隧道地下水位降深計算中,得到隧道影響范圍內(nèi)任一點地下水位降深計算公式。提出了保持地下水平衡條件下地下水排放量確定方法。在考慮隧道雙孔地下水位降深疊加的基礎(chǔ)上得到分離式隧道限排量計算方法,對比分析了單孔隧道與分離式隧道限排量之間的關(guān)系。 (5)在保護生態(tài)及維持地下水平衡的前提下,選取常見的巖土層滲透系數(shù)、給水度及地下水頭高度范圍值,應(yīng)用排水量與地下水位降深關(guān)系式提出了對于地下水可有效控制情況下滿足大多常見山嶺隧道的地下水限排標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對于地下水無法有效控制的隧道,提出了限制排水量確定方法。
[Abstract]:The tunnel is buried in the ground, often surrounded by the ground water, and the control of the groundwater is particularly important. the overdischarge of the underground water is easy to cause the groundwater level to fall, the ecological environment is destroyed and the like, and for a tunnel with higher water table level, the full-plugging underground water lining can not bear the large water pressure, How to determine a reasonable groundwater discharge which can protect the ecological environment from the damage and the reasonable water pressure of the lining is a problem that has not been solved well. Based on the theory of groundwater dynamics, this paper studies the calculation method of the water inflow of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. Based on the nonlinear change of the permeability coefficient with the depth, the method of calculating the water inflow of the heterogeneous isotropic surrounding rock is studied. In this paper, the influence of the grouting ring and the lining is considered, the concept of the ecological water demand of the vegetation in the ecological and agricultural studies is introduced, and the method for calculating the limit displacement of the underground water under the condition of maintaining the ecological balance and the limit drainage standard of the tunnel are carried out by adopting the method of well flow theory and surface well method. Based on the above theory and the case analysis, the main results are as follows: Fruit: (1) Using the theory of well flow in the groundwater dynamics, based on the mass conservation and energy conservation law of the groundwater movement, the water inflow meter considering the flow velocity is derived. The formula is calculated and the water inflow meter after the tunnel is applied as the grouting ring and the lining is further obtained. The calculation formula is based on the analysis that the water inflow is less than that of the flow rate without considering the flow rate, but the effect of the flow rate effect on the water inflow is not significant, and the lining water pressure considering the flow rate is greater than that of the lining under the condition that the flow rate is not considered The water pressure is obtained through the analysis of the parameters, and the permeability coefficient and the thickness of the grouting ring which can effectively reduce the water inflow of the tunnel can be obtained through the analysis of the parameters. Range value. The relationship between the outer water pressure of the lining and the discharge of the groundwater is analyzed. (2) Considering the non-linear variation of the permeability coefficient with the depth, the calculation formula of the water inflow of the heterogeneous isotropic surrounding rock is derived, and the calculation method is compared with that of the existing calculation method. The result is close to that of the tunnel. Through the analysis, the trend and the rule of the water inflow after the non-linear change of the permeability coefficient of the rock mass with the depth are considered, and the results obtained can be used for the selection of the tunnel. The calculation formula of the grouting water-plugging parameter under the condition of non-linear change of the permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock is obtained. Because the permeability coefficient is generally reduced with the increase of the buried depth of the tunnel, it should be taken into account when the grouting is blocked. To this change, the permeability coefficient of the designed grouting ring is greater than the permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock and cannot be achieved. (3) From the viewpoint of the balance of groundwater, the concept of the ecological water demand of the vegetation in the ecology and the agriculture is introduced, the maximum depth of the water table is controlled to be within the allowable range of the normal growth of the vegetation, and the leakage of the groundwater is derived. The calculation formula of the hopper volume, combined with the tunnel surrounding rock parameters, can obtain the total discharge of the underground water, and compared with the rainfall supply quantity to obtain the original groundwater level in the restoration tunnel site area. For the operation period tunnel, the anti-analysis formula for the dynamic change of the underground water level in the tunnel site is derived. Through the monitoring of the displacement of the water-blocking and discharge tunnel, combined with the parameters such as the tunnel surrounding rock and the permeability coefficient of the primary lining, the underground water table can be obtained by the inverse analysis, and the underground water table can be ground. and (4) the surface well method in the well flow theory is introduced into the underground water table reduction calculation of the tunnel, so that any point in the influence range of the tunnel is obtained The calculation formula of the lower water level is presented. The ground water equilibrium condition is put forward In this paper, the method for determining the emission discharge of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the superposition of the two-hole underground water level of the tunnel, the method for calculating the limit displacement of the separated tunnel is obtained, and the single-hole tunnel and the separation tunnel are compared and analyzed. (5) Under the premise of protecting the ecology and maintaining the balance of the ground water, the permeability coefficient of the common rock and soil layer and the water supply are selected in ord to meet that most common mountain in the case of the effective control of the groundwater, The groundwater limit discharge standard of the mountain tunnel. For tunnels that cannot be effectively controlled by the groundwater, refer to
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U453.6
本文編號：2469294
[Abstract]:The tunnel is buried in the ground, often surrounded by the ground water, and the control of the groundwater is particularly important. the overdischarge of the underground water is easy to cause the groundwater level to fall, the ecological environment is destroyed and the like, and for a tunnel with higher water table level, the full-plugging underground water lining can not bear the large water pressure, How to determine a reasonable groundwater discharge which can protect the ecological environment from the damage and the reasonable water pressure of the lining is a problem that has not been solved well. Based on the theory of groundwater dynamics, this paper studies the calculation method of the water inflow of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. Based on the nonlinear change of the permeability coefficient with the depth, the method of calculating the water inflow of the heterogeneous isotropic surrounding rock is studied. In this paper, the influence of the grouting ring and the lining is considered, the concept of the ecological water demand of the vegetation in the ecological and agricultural studies is introduced, and the method for calculating the limit displacement of the underground water under the condition of maintaining the ecological balance and the limit drainage standard of the tunnel are carried out by adopting the method of well flow theory and surface well method. Based on the above theory and the case analysis, the main results are as follows: Fruit: (1) Using the theory of well flow in the groundwater dynamics, based on the mass conservation and energy conservation law of the groundwater movement, the water inflow meter considering the flow velocity is derived. The formula is calculated and the water inflow meter after the tunnel is applied as the grouting ring and the lining is further obtained. The calculation formula is based on the analysis that the water inflow is less than that of the flow rate without considering the flow rate, but the effect of the flow rate effect on the water inflow is not significant, and the lining water pressure considering the flow rate is greater than that of the lining under the condition that the flow rate is not considered The water pressure is obtained through the analysis of the parameters, and the permeability coefficient and the thickness of the grouting ring which can effectively reduce the water inflow of the tunnel can be obtained through the analysis of the parameters. Range value. The relationship between the outer water pressure of the lining and the discharge of the groundwater is analyzed. (2) Considering the non-linear variation of the permeability coefficient with the depth, the calculation formula of the water inflow of the heterogeneous isotropic surrounding rock is derived, and the calculation method is compared with that of the existing calculation method. The result is close to that of the tunnel. Through the analysis, the trend and the rule of the water inflow after the non-linear change of the permeability coefficient of the rock mass with the depth are considered, and the results obtained can be used for the selection of the tunnel. The calculation formula of the grouting water-plugging parameter under the condition of non-linear change of the permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock is obtained. Because the permeability coefficient is generally reduced with the increase of the buried depth of the tunnel, it should be taken into account when the grouting is blocked. To this change, the permeability coefficient of the designed grouting ring is greater than the permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock and cannot be achieved. (3) From the viewpoint of the balance of groundwater, the concept of the ecological water demand of the vegetation in the ecology and the agriculture is introduced, the maximum depth of the water table is controlled to be within the allowable range of the normal growth of the vegetation, and the leakage of the groundwater is derived. The calculation formula of the hopper volume, combined with the tunnel surrounding rock parameters, can obtain the total discharge of the underground water, and compared with the rainfall supply quantity to obtain the original groundwater level in the restoration tunnel site area. For the operation period tunnel, the anti-analysis formula for the dynamic change of the underground water level in the tunnel site is derived. Through the monitoring of the displacement of the water-blocking and discharge tunnel, combined with the parameters such as the tunnel surrounding rock and the permeability coefficient of the primary lining, the underground water table can be obtained by the inverse analysis, and the underground water table can be ground. and (4) the surface well method in the well flow theory is introduced into the underground water table reduction calculation of the tunnel, so that any point in the influence range of the tunnel is obtained The calculation formula of the lower water level is presented. The ground water equilibrium condition is put forward In this paper, the method for determining the emission discharge of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the superposition of the two-hole underground water level of the tunnel, the method for calculating the limit displacement of the separated tunnel is obtained, and the single-hole tunnel and the separation tunnel are compared and analyzed. (5) Under the premise of protecting the ecology and maintaining the balance of the ground water, the permeability coefficient of the common rock and soil layer and the water supply are selected in ord to meet that most common mountain in the case of the effective control of the groundwater, The groundwater limit discharge standard of the mountain tunnel. For tunnels that cannot be effectively controlled by the groundwater, refer to
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U453.6
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