【摘要】：開展公路隧道火災(zāi)相關(guān)研究有兩方面至關(guān)重要，一方面是火源，它決定了火災(zāi)的規(guī)模和發(fā)展過程；另一方面是通風(fēng)控制，主要保證最小縱向風(fēng)速達(dá)到臨界風(fēng)速要求，使煙霧不發(fā)生回流。關(guān)于這兩方面目前國內(nèi)外進(jìn)行了大量研究，就火源而言，其熱釋放率用常數(shù)模型或者平方增長模型設(shè)置；計(jì)算臨界風(fēng)速時，忽略阻滯的影響，這與實(shí)際情況是不相符的。論文以此為背景，采用FDS數(shù)值模擬和前人火災(zāi)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合的方法，研究公路隧道內(nèi)大巴車火災(zāi)溫度場和阻塞工況下的臨界風(fēng)速。 論文首先以宇通客車為原型，按照1:1比例進(jìn)行大巴車建模，對模型中的座椅、輪胎、內(nèi)部裝飾等設(shè)置材料參數(shù)；分別研究大巴車從前部、中部、后部座椅起火時的燃燒過程、最高溫度和熱釋放率，通過對比研究，給出大巴車的最不利著火位置。 其次，同時考慮火源處及火源上游阻塞工況，引入火源處阻塞比1和火源上游阻塞比2，對傳統(tǒng)的隧道火災(zāi)臨界風(fēng)速計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行修正。分別得到了僅火源處阻塞、僅火源上游阻塞、同時考慮火源及火源上游阻塞的臨界風(fēng)速計(jì)算公式，，并通過已有的火災(zāi)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 最后，研究了在不同縱向風(fēng)速條件下，火源分別為大巴車燃燒模型和平方增長模型設(shè)置的20MW火災(zāi)時隧道內(nèi)溫度場、煙霧場。研究表明，F(xiàn)DS燃燒模型更接近實(shí)際工況。
[Abstract]:The research on highway tunnel fire is of great importance in two aspects. On the one hand, it is the source of fire, which determines the scale and development process of the fire. On the other hand, ventilation control ensures the minimum longitudinal wind speed to meet the critical wind speed requirements, so that the smoke does not return. At present, a great deal of research has been done on these two aspects at home and abroad, as far as the fire source is concerned, the heat release rate is set by the constant model or the square growth model, and when calculating the critical wind speed, the influence of the block is ignored, which is not consistent with the actual situation. Based on this background, this paper studies the temperature field and critical wind velocity of bus fire in highway tunnel by means of FDS numerical simulation and previous fire test data. Firstly, based on the prototype of Yutong bus, the bus is modeled according to the 1:1 scale, and the material parameters are set up for the seat, tire, interior decoration and so on in the model. The combustion process, the maximum temperature and the heat release rate of the bus from the front, middle and rear seats are studied respectively. The most unfavorable ignition position of the bus is given through the comparative study. Secondly, considering the blocking condition at the fire source and upstream of the fire source, the traditional formula for calculating the critical wind velocity of tunnel fire is modified by introducing the blocking ratio 1 at the fire source and the blocking ratio at the upstream of the fire source. At the same time, the critical wind velocity calculation formulas of fire source and upstream congestion are obtained, and verified by the existing fire test data. The results are as follows: (1) the critical wind velocity of the fire source is only blocked at the source of fire, and only upstream of the fire source is taken into account. Finally, the temperature field and smoke field in the tunnel under different longitudinal wind speeds are studied when the fire source is a bus combustion model and a square growth model, respectively. The temperature field in the tunnel and the smoke field in the tunnel are set up by the 20MW combustion model and the square growth model. The results show that the FDS combustion model is closer to the actual condition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U458;U453.5

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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