【摘要】：交通擁堵是當(dāng)今世界各大城市的通病，它會(huì)從社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、居民生活等方面影響到城市的良性發(fā)展。城市交通問題是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的“巨系統(tǒng)”，產(chǎn)生交通擁堵的原因也是一個(gè)“聚合體”，它是由很多相關(guān)的因素組合，相互影響、相互作用而形成的，比如社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口、土地利用、城市發(fā)展等因素。在這樣的前提下，本文將宏觀仿真與微觀仿真結(jié)合，在蘭州市特定區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析、驗(yàn)證，來嘗試建立一種解決城市交通擁堵問題的新思路。首先，本文闡述了交通擁堵、交通仿真的相關(guān)理論。其次，對(duì)蘭州市的交通現(xiàn)狀及居民的出行特征進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)分析。然后，在選定的研究區(qū)域內(nèi)，通過運(yùn)用Transcad軟件，從宏觀角度出發(fā)，對(duì)研究區(qū)域進(jìn)行交通分析，得到了現(xiàn)狀及未來年的交通流量分布及OD矩陣；再?gòu)奈⒂^角度出發(fā)，對(duì)未來年研究區(qū)域中可能存在的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)、路段、交叉口進(jìn)行交通分析及評(píng)價(jià)，并提出相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化措施。最后，，再通過Vissim進(jìn)行微觀仿真，驗(yàn)證方法的合理性、有效性。通過分別從宏觀角度、微觀角度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化模擬，再和現(xiàn)狀情況進(jìn)行相互比較，尤其是對(duì)城市交通環(huán)境中的重要參數(shù)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行前后對(duì)照，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，針對(duì)不同的實(shí)際情況合理地設(shè)置交通仿真模型參數(shù)，優(yōu)化后的效果總是優(yōu)于優(yōu)化前的狀態(tài)，并且，在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行分析和研究，對(duì)仿真優(yōu)化模型中的各個(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整，使其模擬仿真出的優(yōu)化效果逐漸提升，若按照這樣的步驟，在合理的優(yōu)化限度內(nèi)，始終能夠找到一個(gè)實(shí)際條件下客觀存在的優(yōu)化極值，而且，交通仿真的實(shí)施過程也比較容易，這就更加適用于我國(guó)飛速發(fā)展的城市交通，低成本、高效率地改善城市交通擁堵問題，也是目前城市交通擁堵問題解決的主要方向�？偟膩碚f，科學(xué)、合理地利用交通仿真技術(shù)來解決城市交通擁堵問題是有據(jù)可依的，這也為該問題在未來的探討提供了一個(gè)新思路。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion is a common problem in every major city in the world. It will affect the benign development of the city from the aspects of society, economy, residents' life and so on. The urban traffic problem is a complex "giant system", and the cause of traffic congestion is also a "polymer". It is formed by a combination of many relevant factors, such as social, economic, and population, which affect each other and interact with each other. Land use, urban development and other factors. On this premise, this paper combines macro-simulation and micro-simulation, analyzes and validates a case in a specific area of Lanzhou city, and tries to establish a new way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. First of all, this paper describes the traffic congestion, traffic simulation related theory. Secondly, the traffic situation of Lanzhou and the travel characteristics of residents are analyzed. Then, in the selected research area, through the use of Transcad software, from the macroscopic point of view, the traffic analysis of the research area is carried out, and the traffic flow distribution and OD matrix of the present situation and future years are obtained. From the microscopic point of view, the traffic analysis and evaluation of the important nodes, sections and intersections which may exist in the research area in the coming years are carried out, and the corresponding optimization measures are put forward. Finally, the rationality and validity of the method are verified by micro-simulation with Vissim. It is not difficult to find out by optimizing simulation from macro-angle and micro-angle, comparing with the present situation, especially comparing the important parameters in urban traffic environment before and after. According to different actual conditions, the parameters of traffic simulation model are reasonably set up, the optimized effect is always better than the state before optimization, and on this basis, further analysis and research are carried out. The parameters in the simulation optimization model are adjusted appropriately so that the simulation results can be improved gradually. If according to such steps, within a reasonable optimization limit, We can always find an objective optimization extremum under the actual conditions, and the implementation process of traffic simulation is also relatively easy, which is more suitable for the rapid development of urban traffic in our country, low cost, Improving the urban traffic congestion problem efficiently is also the main direction to solve the urban traffic congestion problem. In general, the scientific and reasonable use of traffic simulation technology to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion can be relied on, which also provides a new way of thinking for the future discussion of this problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.265

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