【摘要】：交通事故的發(fā)生往往是由于駕駛?cè)酥饔^風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)和客觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在一定的差異。駕駛?cè)藢?duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的錯(cuò)誤判斷,導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的駕駛行為,最終成為引發(fā)交通事故的重要原因。因此進(jìn)行駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)研究,有助于理清駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)的差異及其影響因素,為提高駕駛?cè)说娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)提供理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)提高駕駛?cè)司C合素質(zhì)和預(yù)防交通事故具有十分重要的實(shí)踐意義。 在研讀大量的國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)駕駛行為問卷進(jìn)行修訂；采用專家咨詢法及文獻(xiàn)綜合法,編制了基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)駕駛情境的駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)主觀評(píng)價(jià)問卷,包括：駕駛?cè)藢?duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車、非機(jī)動(dòng)車和行人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等三個(gè)維度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知量表；對(duì)速度、交通事故、違規(guī)以及乘坐不安全駕駛?cè)笋{駛車輛的態(tài)度等四個(gè)維度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度量表；以及對(duì)違反規(guī)則、不良天氣、身體不適及汽車設(shè)備故障容忍的四個(gè)維度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍量表；采用隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,完成了228份問卷的施測,并對(duì)施測結(jié)果進(jìn)行了信度檢驗(yàn)、效度檢驗(yàn)和項(xiàng)目分析,分析結(jié)果表明駕駛?cè)腼L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)問卷具有良好的信度、效度和區(qū)分度。 以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍為一級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建了駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)主觀評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。利用因子分析的方法,對(duì)駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)評(píng)價(jià)體系的各指標(biāo)權(quán)重進(jìn)行確定,得到駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)評(píng)價(jià)體系的一級(jí)指標(biāo)和二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。根據(jù)駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)評(píng)價(jià)體系和一、二級(jí)權(quán)重,構(gòu)建駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)評(píng)價(jià)模型。 基于188名被試的駕駛行為及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)的有效問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果,對(duì)駕駛行為與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步分析：對(duì)駕駛行為與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明駕駛行為與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度呈正相關(guān),與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍呈負(fù)相關(guān)；對(duì)駕駛行為與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行了回歸分析,得到以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍為自變量的駕駛行為回歸模型;利用駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)主觀評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行分級(jí),結(jié)果表明被試駕駛?cè)说娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)基本上都合格,但存在很大的提升空間,需要加強(qiáng)駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)方面的教育和培訓(xùn)；對(duì)駕駛行為與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行了對(duì)應(yīng)分析表明二者存在較強(qiáng)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,可以利用DBQ對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)問卷進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)；對(duì)駕駛?cè)说鸟{駛行為和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)進(jìn)行基于不同人格和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變量的差異性分析,結(jié)果表明內(nèi)向穩(wěn)定型駕駛?cè)说娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)明顯好于外向穩(wěn)定型和外向不穩(wěn)定型駕駛?cè)?女性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)要明顯優(yōu)于男性,駕駛?cè)说娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)隨年齡的增長呈先上升后下降的趨勢,隨著駕駛?cè)笋{齡的增加駕駛?cè)孙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)越來越好,學(xué)歷越高駕駛?cè)说娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)水平也就越好。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of traffic accidents is often due to the difference between subjective risk assessment and objective risk. The wrong judgment of the driver's risk leads to the wrong driving behavior and finally becomes the important cause of the traffic accident. Therefore, the study of driver's risk consciousness is helpful to clarify the difference of driver's risk consciousness and its influencing factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the driver's risk consciousness. It is of great practical significance to improve the overall quality of drivers and prevent traffic accidents. On the basis of studying a large number of relevant domestic and foreign literature, the driving behavior questionnaire was revised. Using expert consultation method and literature synthesis method, the subjective evaluation questionnaire of driver's risk consciousness based on risk driving situation is developed, including: driver's risk perception scale of three dimensions: motor vehicle, non-motor vehicle and pedestrian risk; The risk attitude scale of four dimensions: speed, traffic accident, violation of rules and attitude of driving vehicle by unsafe driver. And the risk tolerance scale for the four dimensions of violation of rules, bad weather, physical discomfort and auto equipment failure tolerance; A random sampling method was used to complete 228 questionnaires, and the reliability test, validity test and item analysis of the test results were carried out. The results showed that the driving risk awareness questionnaire had good reliability, validity and discrimination. Taking risk perception, risk attitude and risk tolerance as the first-level evaluation indexes, the subjective evaluation index system of driver's risk consciousness is constructed. By using the method of factor analysis, the weights of each index of the driver's risk awareness evaluation system are determined, and the weights of the first and second grade indexes of the driver's risk awareness evaluation system are obtained. According to the driver risk awareness evaluation system and the first and second weights, the driver risk awareness evaluation model is constructed. Based on the effective questionnaire results of 188 subjects' driving behavior and risk consciousness, this paper further analyzed the driving behavior and risk consciousness: the correlation between driving behavior and risk awareness was analyzed. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between driving behavior and risk perception, risk attitude, and a negative correlation between driving behavior and risk tolerance. The regression analysis of driving behavior and risk consciousness is carried out, and the regression model of driving behavior with risk perception, risk attitude and risk tolerance as independent variables is obtained. The subjective evaluation model of driver's risk consciousness is used to classify the driver's risk consciousness. The results show that the driver's risk consciousness is basically qualified, but there is a lot of room for improvement. There is a need to strengthen the education and training of drivers in risk awareness; The correspondence analysis of driving behavior and risk consciousness shows that there is a strong correspondence between them, and DBQ can be used to verify the risk awareness questionnaire. The difference analysis of driver's driving behavior and risk consciousness based on different personality and demographics variables shows that the risk consciousness of introverted stable driver is better than that of extroverted stable type and extroverted unstable driving type, and the results show that the risk consciousness of introverted stable driver is better than that of extroverted unstable driving. The risk awareness of women is obviously better than that of men. The driver's risk awareness increases first and then decreases with the increase of driver's age. As the driver's driving age increases, the driver's risk awareness becomes better and better. The higher the degree, the better the driver's risk awareness level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 莊明科;白海峰;謝曉非;;駕駛?cè)藛T風(fēng)險(xiǎn)駕駛行為分析及相關(guān)因素研究[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版)網(wǎng)絡(luò)版(預(yù)印本);2007年04期

2 莊明科;白海峰;謝曉非;;駕駛?cè)藛T風(fēng)險(xiǎn)駕駛行為分析及相關(guān)因素研究[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2008年03期

3 宋曉春;;出行安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估[J];道路交通管理;2012年04期

4 白云;石京;;北京市駕駛行為與影響因素分析[J];交通信息與安全;2010年02期

5 黃慶橋;;科學(xué)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)與和諧社會(huì)的建設(shè)[J];毛澤東鄧小平理論研究;2006年09期

6 侯雪艷;時(shí)勘;;駕駛員風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知模型的研究概況[J];人類工效學(xué);2007年04期

7 劉金平;周廣亞;黃宏強(qiáng);;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知的結(jié)構(gòu),因素及其研究方法[J];心理科學(xué);2006年02期

8 姬鳴;楊仕云;趙小軍;鮑旭輝;游旭群;;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍對(duì)飛行員駕駛安全行為的影響:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)知覺和危險(xiǎn)態(tài)度的作用[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2011年11期

9 孟博;劉茂;李清水;王麗;;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知理論模型及影響因子分析[J];中國安全科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年10期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭孜政;駕駛行為險(xiǎn)態(tài)辨識(shí)理論與方法[D];西南交通大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2440051