發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-23 08:44

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步、城市的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，城市交通問題也日漸突出，，公共交通以低能源消耗、低環(huán)境污染、低財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)、低土地利用、低出行成本等眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn)被公認(rèn)為是解決目前城市交通問題的最好方法。而公交調(diào)度是公交運(yùn)營(yíng)的核心內(nèi)容，對(duì)公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)以及優(yōu)化研究是提高運(yùn)營(yíng)水平、改善服務(wù)質(zhì)量、增強(qiáng)公交吸引力的關(guān)鍵。 本文從我國(guó)目前大部分城市公交調(diào)度的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，以西安市為例，從公交管理組織和公交調(diào)度現(xiàn)狀這兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上，指出現(xiàn)有公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)存在的主要問題。然后分別從公交調(diào)度模式分析及策略研究、智能公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)策略研究、公交車輛線路調(diào)度優(yōu)化研究這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入、詳細(xì)的探索。 按照調(diào)度是否具備實(shí)時(shí)性，公交調(diào)度可以分為靜態(tài)調(diào)度和動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度，而按照調(diào)度組織所涉及的最小單位，公交調(diào)度又分為線路調(diào)度和區(qū)域調(diào)度。分別針對(duì)線路調(diào)度和區(qū)域調(diào)度，對(duì)其調(diào)度模式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析和策略研究。最后指出雖然區(qū)域調(diào)度具有較好的優(yōu)勢(shì)，是未來(lái)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，但是線路調(diào)度作為基礎(chǔ)和前提，其研究也是必不可少的。 結(jié)合當(dāng)前大部分城市公交調(diào)度體系的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題，分別針對(duì)管理決策者、公交調(diào)度企業(yè)、公交出行者進(jìn)行需求分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析智能公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，進(jìn)而進(jìn)行符合各個(gè)層次需求的智能公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)功能結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并對(duì)其所涉及到的七個(gè)功能模塊進(jìn)行一一闡述。 在公交車輛線路調(diào)度優(yōu)化研究中，以發(fā)車時(shí)刻作為模型的變量，以公交乘客的等車時(shí)間最小、公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)收益最大為目標(biāo)。為保證乘客和公交運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)雙方的利益，可將其轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)多目標(biāo)規(guī)劃問題，從而將該問題抽象成一個(gè)明確的數(shù)學(xué)模型，同時(shí)考慮發(fā)車間隔和車輛平均滿載率等約束條件建立模型，并采用基于遺傳算法的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行求解。 最后選擇西安市微型公交161線路作為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行案例分析，按照模型利用matlab軟件進(jìn)行發(fā)車時(shí)刻表排班，并將模型求解得到的發(fā)車時(shí)刻表與現(xiàn)有的發(fā)車時(shí)刻表進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the society, the development of the city, the improvement of the economic level, the urban traffic problem is becoming more and more prominent. Public transportation has low energy consumption, low environmental pollution, low financial burden and low land use. Low travel cost and many other advantages have been recognized as the best way to solve the current urban traffic problems. Bus scheduling is the core content of public transport operation. The key to improve the operation level, improve the service quality and enhance the attraction of public transportation is to design and optimize the bus dispatching system. Based on the current situation of public transport dispatch in most cities in China, taking Xi'an city as an example, this paper analyzes and studies the management organization of public transportation and the present situation of public transportation dispatch. On this basis, the main problems existing in the existing bus dispatching system are pointed out. Then the detailed research is carried out from three aspects: the analysis of bus dispatching mode and strategy research, the structure strategy research of intelligent bus dispatching system and the research of bus vehicle route scheduling optimization. Bus scheduling can be divided into static scheduling and dynamic scheduling according to whether the scheduling is real-time or not. According to the smallest units involved in scheduling organization, bus scheduling can be divided into line scheduling and regional scheduling. In this paper, the scheduling modes of line scheduling and regional scheduling are analyzed and compared. Finally, it is pointed out that although regional scheduling has better advantages and is the trend of future development, the research of line scheduling is essential as the foundation and premise. Combined with the current situation and existing problems of most urban bus scheduling systems, the needs of management decision makers, public transport dispatch enterprises and public transport travelers are analyzed respectively. On this basis, the purpose of intelligent bus dispatching system is analyzed, and then the functional structure of intelligent bus dispatching system is designed to meet the needs of different levels, and the seven functional modules involved in it are described one by one. In the research of bus route scheduling optimization, the starting time is taken as the variable of the model, and the minimum waiting time of bus passengers and the maximum operating income of public transport enterprises are the objectives. In order to guarantee the interests of both passengers and bus operators, it can be transformed into a multi-objective programming problem, which can be abstracted into a clear mathematical model. At the same time, considering the train departure interval and the average full load rate of the vehicle, the model is established, and the multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, select Xi'an mini bus 161 line as the research object, carry on the case analysis, according to the model use the matlab software to carry on the departure schedule scheduling, and compare and analyze the train departure schedule obtained by the model solution with the existing train departure schedule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.17;U492.22

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