【摘要】：社會(huì)的進(jìn)步對(duì)當(dāng)代汽車的安全、節(jié)能、環(huán)保提出了更高的要求,安全氣囊系統(tǒng)作為汽車被動(dòng)安全的重要組成部分在汽車碰撞安全中扮演著重要角色,在實(shí)際交通事故中挽救了無(wú)數(shù)的生命。在整車開發(fā)過(guò)程中,為實(shí)現(xiàn)整車安全系統(tǒng)最優(yōu),每個(gè)車型的氣囊系統(tǒng)都要進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的零部件試驗(yàn)及碰撞匹配驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),實(shí)際的物理零部件試驗(yàn)及碰撞匹配試驗(yàn)耗時(shí)久且試驗(yàn)成本高,采用CAE仿真分析的方法可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)氣囊系統(tǒng)零部件及整車(滑車)碰撞性能的評(píng)價(jià)。目前針對(duì)氣囊系統(tǒng)碰撞仿真技術(shù)主要有多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)技術(shù)及非線性有限元技術(shù),多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型具有計(jì)算效率高,計(jì)算量小的優(yōu)點(diǎn),有限元模型相對(duì)多剛體模型計(jì)算量大但模型精度高。在整車正面碰撞中,主駕駛安全氣囊主要用于保護(hù)乘員頭部與胸部安全,膝部安全氣囊主要保護(hù)乘員膝蓋與腿部安全。本文以主駕駛安全氣囊及膝部安全氣囊為研究對(duì)象,主要研究論述了安全氣囊性能仿真及優(yōu)化方法,分以下幾方面內(nèi)容:⑴氣袋織布拉伸試驗(yàn)的有限元仿真模型建立與標(biāo)定;⑵安全氣囊有限元仿真模型建立與標(biāo)定,包括靜態(tài)展開試驗(yàn)仿真模型建立標(biāo)定及動(dòng)態(tài)跌落試驗(yàn)仿真模型建立與標(biāo)定;⑶駕駛室碰撞仿真模型的建立及動(dòng)態(tài)標(biāo)定;⑷安全氣囊仿真優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。研究結(jié)果表明:非線性各向異性織布材料模型建立的安全氣囊精度最高,通過(guò)織布拉伸試驗(yàn)仿真能夠使安全氣囊模型展開更加準(zhǔn)確;通過(guò)氣囊靜態(tài)展開試驗(yàn)仿真標(biāo)定及跌落試驗(yàn)仿真標(biāo)定,使氣囊模型靜態(tài)展開過(guò)程及排氣特性與試驗(yàn)一致;通過(guò)車體建模及整車碰撞仿真可建立有效的約束系統(tǒng)碰撞仿真優(yōu)化模型;基于試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)可分析氣囊各參數(shù)對(duì)碰撞結(jié)果的影響,通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證可有效完成膝部氣囊及主駕駛氣囊匹配優(yōu)化;基于有限元及多體動(dòng)力學(xué)的碰撞安全仿真分析技術(shù)對(duì)于氣囊產(chǎn)品的匹配優(yōu)化是有效的。
[Abstract]:The progress of the society has put forward higher requirements for the safety, energy saving and environmental protection of the contemporary automobile. As an important part of the passive safety of the automobile, the airbag system plays an important role in the automobile collision safety. Countless lives were saved in actual traffic accidents. In the process of vehicle development, in order to achieve the optimal safety system of the whole vehicle, the airbag system of each vehicle model must carry on the specific parts test and the collision match verification test. The actual physical parts test and collision matching test take a long time and high test cost. The CAE simulation analysis method can effectively realize the evaluation of the impact performance of air bag system parts and the whole vehicle (pulley). At present, there are many rigid body dynamics technology and nonlinear finite element technology for airbag system collision simulation technology. The multi-rigid body dynamics model has the advantages of high computational efficiency and less computational complexity. The finite element model is more complicated than the multi-rigid body model, but the precision of the model is high. The main driving airbag is mainly used to protect the head and chest of the occupant, and the knee airbag mainly protects the safety of the passenger's knee and leg. Taking the main driving airbag and the knee airbag as the research object, this paper mainly discusses the simulation and optimization methods of the airbag performance, which includes the following aspects: 1 Establishment and calibration of the finite element simulation model of the airbag fabric tensile test; (2) Establishment and calibration of airbag finite element simulation model, including static expansion test simulation model establishment and dynamic drop test simulation model establishment and calibration, 3 cab collision simulation model establishment and dynamic calibration; 4 airbag simulation optimization and test verification. The results show that the nonlinear anisotropic weaving material model has the highest airbag accuracy, and the airbag model can be expanded more accurately by the simulation of fabric tensile test. The static expansion process and exhaust characteristics of the airbag model are consistent with the test through the simulation calibration of the airbag static expansion test and the drop test. Through vehicle body modeling and vehicle collision simulation, an effective collision simulation optimization model of constrained system can be established. Based on the experimental design, the impact of the parameters of the airbag on the impact results can be analyzed, and the matching optimization of the knee airbag and the main driving airbag can be effectively completed by simulation. Collision safety simulation based on finite element and multi-body dynamics is effective for airbag product matching and optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.61

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