【摘要】：本論文以中川城際鐵路與蘭州北編組站聯(lián)絡(luò)線(xiàn)北環(huán)隧道上穿蘭州樞紐工程紅山頂隧道為依托工程，從理論分析、爆破振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)和數(shù)值模擬等幾個(gè)方面對(duì)小凈距空間交叉隧道施工爆破技術(shù)及控制措施進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究，為設(shè)計(jì)、施工決策提供基礎(chǔ)資料和理論技術(shù)支持，以保證北環(huán)隧道的成功修建，并為其它類(lèi)似地質(zhì)條件下的隧道工程建設(shè)提供有益的參考。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及其結(jié)論如下： (1)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)隧道爆破振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)得到的振動(dòng)速度和混凝土動(dòng)應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行線(xiàn)性擬合得到了振動(dòng)速度與動(dòng)應(yīng)變的關(guān)系，基于近接施工容許拉應(yīng)力增量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確定本工程采用爆破振動(dòng)安全振速控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為7.0cm/s。 (2)依據(jù)爆破安全規(guī)程及已有小凈距隧道施工研究資料，通過(guò)薩道夫斯基公式確定了北環(huán)隧道重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)范圍為距交叉點(diǎn)±20m。基于安全考慮取三個(gè)方向的總合成速度作為爆破振動(dòng)振速控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，新建北環(huán)隧道交叉斷面±20m范圍內(nèi)爆破施工時(shí)既有隧道最大振速為5.89cm/s，小于擬定的爆破振動(dòng)安全速度。 (3)通過(guò)大量文獻(xiàn)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析，爆破振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度主要受地質(zhì)條件、爆心距、裝藥量、爆破條件（爆破位置、臨空面條件）等多個(gè)方面影響。在薩道夫斯基公式的基礎(chǔ)上，并擬合得到了適用于北環(huán)隧道的爆破振動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，將掏槽爆破作為爆破振動(dòng)控制重點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)。 (4)對(duì)爆破振動(dòng)波型圖進(jìn)行頻譜分析和主頻分布分析，經(jīng)過(guò)傅里葉變換，獲得典型的北環(huán)隧道爆破振動(dòng)信號(hào)頻譜圖，確定了振動(dòng)波主頻域的分布范圍。基于爆破安全規(guī)程，將主振頻率作為爆破振動(dòng)控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的判據(jù)，需要嚴(yán)格控制爆破振動(dòng)波頻率遠(yuǎn)離結(jié)構(gòu)自身頻率，避免由于共振作用造成的損害。 (5)基于爆破振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的影響因素，對(duì)原有爆破方案在通過(guò)小凈距影響區(qū)域時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，通過(guò)修改鉆孔設(shè)計(jì)，控制裝藥量，增加起爆次數(shù)，減小開(kāi)挖進(jìn)尺，，選擇合理的雷管起爆時(shí)差等方法，將爆破振動(dòng)影響降低到最低限度。 (6)通過(guò)ANSYS分析軟件，建立小凈距立體交叉隧道的三維模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，上臺(tái)階掏槽爆破時(shí)既有隧道的最大振速小于7cm/s的振速控制值。既有隧道交叉斷面襯砌拉壓應(yīng)力和拉壓應(yīng)力增量也都滿(mǎn)足規(guī)范要求，說(shuō)明在爆破過(guò)程中，既有隧道襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)安全可靠。 (7)采用ANSYS有限元軟件模擬交叉段前后新建隧道臺(tái)階法施工時(shí)掏槽爆破對(duì)既有隧道的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)。通過(guò)振動(dòng)速度、應(yīng)力的大小來(lái)判斷爆破過(guò)程中既有隧道襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)安全性，既有隧道襯砌最大振動(dòng)小于7cm/s的安全振速，襯砌最小抗壓、抗拉安全系數(shù)和拉壓應(yīng)力增量也都滿(mǎn)足安全性要求。
[Abstract]:Based on the project of Zhongchuan Intercity Railway and the North Ring Tunnel of Lanzhou North marshalling Station, this paper takes the Hongshan Tunnel, a project of Lanzhou hub, as the basis of theoretical analysis. Blasting vibration monitoring and numerical simulation are used to systematically study the blasting technology and control measures in the construction of small clear-spaced space crossing tunnel, which provides basic data and theoretical and technical support for design and construction decision. In order to ensure the successful construction of the North Ring Tunnel, and to provide a useful reference for other similar geological conditions of the tunnel construction. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the relationship between vibration velocity and dynamic strain is obtained by linear fitting according to the vibration velocity and dynamic strain data obtained from field blasting vibration monitoring. Based on the control standard of allowable tensile stress increment in near-connection construction, it is determined that the safe vibration velocity control standard of blasting vibration is 7.0 cm / s. (2) on the basis of blasting safety regulations and the existing research data of small clear distance tunnel construction, the critical monitoring range of North Ring Tunnel is determined to be 鹵20m from intersection point by Saadolski formula. Based on the safety considerations, the total synthetic velocity in three directions is taken as the control standard of blasting vibration velocity, and the maximum vibration velocity of the existing tunnel is 5.89 cm / s when blasting is constructed in the range of 鹵20m cross section of the new North Ring Tunnel, and the maximum vibration velocity of the existing tunnel is 5.89 cm / s. Less than the proposed safety speed of blasting vibration. (3) through the analysis of a large number of documents and field measured data, the vibration intensity of blasting is mainly affected by geological conditions, the distance between the blasting centers, the charge quantity, the blasting conditions (the blasting position, the condition of the face near the air), and so on. On the basis of Sadolski's formula and fitting, the empirical formula of blasting vibration suitable for North Ring Tunnel is obtained. Cutting blasting is regarded as the key point of blasting vibration control and monitoring. (4) the spectrum analysis and main frequency distribution analysis of blasting vibration wave pattern are carried out. Through Fourier transform, the typical spectrum chart of blasting vibration signal of North Ring Tunnel is obtained, and the distribution range of main frequency domain of vibration wave is determined. Based on the blasting safety regulations, the main vibration frequency is regarded as the criterion of blasting vibration control standard. It is necessary to strictly control the frequency of blasting vibration wave to avoid the damage caused by resonance. (5) based on the influence factors of blasting vibration intensity, the original blasting scheme is adjusted when passing through the area affected by small net distance. By modifying the borehole design, the charge quantity is controlled, the number of detonation is increased, and the excavation advance is reduced. The blasting vibration effect is reduced to the minimum by selecting reasonable detonator time difference and other methods. (6) the three-dimensional model of cross tunnel with small net distance is established by ANSYS software. By numerical simulation, the maximum vibration velocity of existing tunnel is smaller than that of 7cm/s. Both the tensile and compressive stress and the increment of the tensile and compressive stress of the cross-section lining of the existing tunnel meet the requirements of the code, which shows that the lining structure of the existing tunnel is safe and reliable during blasting. (7) ANSYS finite element software is used to simulate the dynamic response of cutting blasting to the existing tunnel during the step construction of the new tunnel before and after the cross section. The safety of existing tunnel lining is judged by vibration speed and stress. The maximum vibration of existing tunnel lining is less than that of 7cm/s, and the minimum pressure of lining is obtained. The safety factor of tension and the increment of tension and compression stress also meet the safety requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U455.6

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