基于實車仿真的不同風(fēng)險等級下新手駕駛?cè)烁囆袨檠芯?/H1>
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 00:05
【摘要】：公安部統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,尾隨相撞的發(fā)生率占所有事故形態(tài)的40.39%，死亡、受傷人數(shù)和財產(chǎn)損失也都在40%以上，所以追尾事故可以說是危害最大的事故形態(tài)，而變道和追尾事故的發(fā)生大多是駕駛?cè)说母嚊Q策出現(xiàn)偏差造成的，新手駕駛?cè)俗鳛榇祟愂鹿实囊装l(fā)群體，對其跟車行為的研究具有重要意義。本文在國內(nèi)外已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上，針對不同風(fēng)險等級的場景，對新手駕駛?cè)说母囆袨檫M行研究，，探索新手駕駛?cè)嗽诓煌L(fēng)險等級下的跟車行為績效和注視特征。 通過前期訪談和資料查閱先總結(jié)出了22種跟車過程中常見的場景，構(gòu)成跟車場景庫。設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷，考察駕駛?cè)藢@些跟車場景風(fēng)險等級的評估，統(tǒng)計分析調(diào)查結(jié)果，將這22個場景按照風(fēng)險等級的高低分成低風(fēng)險、低中風(fēng)險、中風(fēng)險、中高風(fēng)險和高風(fēng)險場景。分別從低風(fēng)險、中風(fēng)險和高風(fēng)險場景中選取兩個典型的不同風(fēng)險下的跟車場景作為實驗場景。利用Creator，Vega，C++等工具將這些典型的跟車場景在仿真軟件中設(shè)計實現(xiàn)，為后面的仿真實驗打下軟件基礎(chǔ)。對實驗用真車進行選型和改裝，在轎車上安裝傳感器和數(shù)據(jù)采集卡設(shè)備，設(shè)計信號的處理方式和傳輸方式，并在安裝過程中設(shè)計相關(guān)電路，為后面的仿真實驗打下硬件基礎(chǔ)。進行仿真實驗，分析新手駕駛?cè)嗽诓煌L(fēng)險等級下駕駛績效的特征和視覺搜索模式的特征。結(jié)果表明：駕駛績效方面，在高風(fēng)險場景下，新手駕駛?cè)说氖鹿事适墙?jīng)驗駕駛?cè)说?倍左右；在任何風(fēng)險場景下，經(jīng)驗組能夠更早地感知到危險從而提早采取減速措施，而新手組做出減速反應(yīng)更晚；在坡道起步和慢速跟車時，新手駕駛?cè)藢λ俣鹊陌盐蘸懿睿?jīng)常出現(xiàn)溜車現(xiàn)象，險情點平均車速在-2km/h；經(jīng)驗駕駛?cè)嘶究梢宰袷叵匏贅藴�，而有些新手駕駛?cè)嗽跁霈F(xiàn)超速行駛的情況；在高風(fēng)險場景下險情突然出現(xiàn)時，新手駕駛?cè)藭r常會采取過激的行為。在注視特征方面，不管是新手駕駛?cè)诉�是經(jīng)驗駕駛?cè)�，掃視時間遠遠大于注視時間，是注視時間的3倍以上，這說明駕駛?cè)说囊曈X搜索都是以掃視運動為主，注視運動較少；經(jīng)驗駕駛?cè)嗽谟龅娇赡軙霈F(xiàn)潛在危險的環(huán)境時會減少注視時間，增加掃視時間，來對可能出現(xiàn)的危險做預(yù)警，而新手駕駛?cè)说膾咭晻r間和注視時間相對穩(wěn)定，不管高中低風(fēng)險都保持一定的注視時間；新手駕駛?cè)藷o論在任何風(fēng)險下，對儀表板特別是車速的關(guān)注都高于經(jīng)驗駕駛?cè)耍徊还茉谌魏物L(fēng)險等級的場景下，新手駕駛?cè)说淖⒁晠^(qū)域都比經(jīng)驗駕駛?cè)说囊校率竹{駛?cè)说淖⒁晠^(qū)域一般集中在某些區(qū)域，而對其他區(qū)域的關(guān)注較少，從而會忽視后視鏡，交通標識等。 本文的研究成果對于新手駕駛?cè)说暮Y選與培訓(xùn)，提高新手駕駛?cè)笋{駛績效和能力，設(shè)計和開發(fā)新手駕駛?cè)笋{駛培訓(xùn)平臺具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Statistics from the Ministry of Public Security show that the incidence of trailing collisions accounts for 40.39 of all accident patterns, and the number of deaths, injuries and property losses are also above 40%. Therefore, rear-end accidents can be said to be the most harmful form of accidents. However, the accidents of changing track and rear-end are mostly caused by the deviation of the decision of the driver. As the vulnerable group of such accidents, it is of great significance for the novice driver to study the behavior of following the car. Based on the existing research at home and abroad, this paper studies the behavior of the novice driver under different risk levels, and explores the behavior performance and gaze characteristics of the novice driver under different risk levels. First, 22 common scenes in the process of following car are summarized through the previous interviews and the reference of data, which constitute the scene library of the car following. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the drivers' assessment of the risk levels of these car-following scenarios. The survey results were statistically analyzed. The 22 scenarios were divided into low risk, middle risk and high risk scenario according to the risk level. Two typical vehicle following scenarios with different risks were selected from low risk, medium risk and high risk scenarios as experimental scenarios. These typical car following scenes are designed and implemented in the simulation software by using Creator,Vega,C and other tools, which will lay the foundation for the simulation experiment in the future. The model selection and modification of the real vehicle for the experiment, the installation of sensors and data acquisition card equipment on the car, the design of the signal processing and transmission mode, and the design of the related circuit during the installation process, which will lay the hardware foundation for the simulation experiment behind. A simulation experiment was carried out to analyze the characteristics of driving performance and visual search mode of novice drivers under different risk levels. The results show that the accident rate of novice drivers is about 5 times that of experienced drivers in high risk scenarios. In any risk scenario, the experience group was able to sense the danger earlier and take early deceleration measures, while the novice group responded later; In the ramp starting and slow following the car, novice drivers have a poor grasp of the speed, often slip through the car phenomenon, the average speed of the danger point in -2 km / h; The experienced driver can basically abide by the speed limit standard, while some new drivers will overspeed, and when the danger suddenly appears in the high risk scenario, the novice driver will often take excessive behavior. In the aspect of gazing characteristics, whether the novice driver or the experienced driver, the scan time is far longer than the fixation time, is more than three times of the fixation time, which shows that the driver's visual search is mainly based on the scanning motion, and the gaze motion is less; When experienced drivers encounter potentially dangerous environments, they tend to reduce their gaze time and increase their scan time to warn of possible hazards, while the rookie driver's scan time and fixation time are relatively stable. Maintain a fixed amount of time regardless of high school and low risk; Novice drivers pay more attention to dashboards, especially speed, regardless of risk than experienced drivers; In any risk level scenario, the rookie driver's gaze area is more concentrated than that of the experienced driver. The novice driver's gaze area is generally concentrated in some areas, while the other areas are less focused, thus neglecting the rearview mirror. Traffic signs, etc. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the selection and training of novice drivers, the improvement of the performance and ability of novice drivers, and the design and development of rookie driver training platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.255;U471.3
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 陳俊;邵海鵬;陳紅;劉媛媛;段西;;與交通標志信息有關(guān)的駕駛?cè)硕虝r記憶衰減研究[J];城市交通;2009年02期
2 孫舒放;Chris S. Dula;Cristi L. Adams;;1282名駕駛員焦慮水平與危險駕駛關(guān)系研究[J];廣東醫(yī)學(xué);2009年10期
3 田新民,田泉,田原;客車駕駛員駕駛適宜性的動態(tài)模擬駕駛測試[J];公路交通科技;2000年05期
4 牛鐵;巴力登;孫萌陽;;基于Multigen VEGA的碰撞檢測技術(shù)[J];工業(yè)控制計算機;2010年01期
5 章倩;卞鐘玟;蔣祖華;沈海峰;王一凡;;基于仿真的中韓青年駕駛員駕駛績效對比研究[J];工業(yè)工程與管理;2012年06期
6 尹念東;汽車駕駛模擬器研究現(xiàn)狀與技術(shù)關(guān)鍵[J];湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2002年04期
7 楊瑞元,邱建雄;基于圖像的建模和繪制技術(shù)綜述[J];計算機輔助設(shè)計與圖形學(xué)學(xué)報;2002年02期
8 汪娟娟,康玲;虛擬現(xiàn)實在數(shù)字校園中的應(yīng)用[J];計算機仿真;2003年06期
9 龍偉峰;胡江碧;;不同工作負荷下駕駛員的心生理特征研究[J];交通標準化;2009年21期
10 陳濤;魏朗;;人-車-路虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)研究[J];交通與計算機;2006年05期
本文編號：2323954
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/jiaotonggongchenglunwen/2323954.html
[Abstract]:Statistics from the Ministry of Public Security show that the incidence of trailing collisions accounts for 40.39 of all accident patterns, and the number of deaths, injuries and property losses are also above 40%. Therefore, rear-end accidents can be said to be the most harmful form of accidents. However, the accidents of changing track and rear-end are mostly caused by the deviation of the decision of the driver. As the vulnerable group of such accidents, it is of great significance for the novice driver to study the behavior of following the car. Based on the existing research at home and abroad, this paper studies the behavior of the novice driver under different risk levels, and explores the behavior performance and gaze characteristics of the novice driver under different risk levels. First, 22 common scenes in the process of following car are summarized through the previous interviews and the reference of data, which constitute the scene library of the car following. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the drivers' assessment of the risk levels of these car-following scenarios. The survey results were statistically analyzed. The 22 scenarios were divided into low risk, middle risk and high risk scenario according to the risk level. Two typical vehicle following scenarios with different risks were selected from low risk, medium risk and high risk scenarios as experimental scenarios. These typical car following scenes are designed and implemented in the simulation software by using Creator,Vega,C and other tools, which will lay the foundation for the simulation experiment in the future. The model selection and modification of the real vehicle for the experiment, the installation of sensors and data acquisition card equipment on the car, the design of the signal processing and transmission mode, and the design of the related circuit during the installation process, which will lay the hardware foundation for the simulation experiment behind. A simulation experiment was carried out to analyze the characteristics of driving performance and visual search mode of novice drivers under different risk levels. The results show that the accident rate of novice drivers is about 5 times that of experienced drivers in high risk scenarios. In any risk scenario, the experience group was able to sense the danger earlier and take early deceleration measures, while the novice group responded later; In the ramp starting and slow following the car, novice drivers have a poor grasp of the speed, often slip through the car phenomenon, the average speed of the danger point in -2 km / h; The experienced driver can basically abide by the speed limit standard, while some new drivers will overspeed, and when the danger suddenly appears in the high risk scenario, the novice driver will often take excessive behavior. In the aspect of gazing characteristics, whether the novice driver or the experienced driver, the scan time is far longer than the fixation time, is more than three times of the fixation time, which shows that the driver's visual search is mainly based on the scanning motion, and the gaze motion is less; When experienced drivers encounter potentially dangerous environments, they tend to reduce their gaze time and increase their scan time to warn of possible hazards, while the rookie driver's scan time and fixation time are relatively stable. Maintain a fixed amount of time regardless of high school and low risk; Novice drivers pay more attention to dashboards, especially speed, regardless of risk than experienced drivers; In any risk level scenario, the rookie driver's gaze area is more concentrated than that of the experienced driver. The novice driver's gaze area is generally concentrated in some areas, while the other areas are less focused, thus neglecting the rearview mirror. Traffic signs, etc. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the selection and training of novice drivers, the improvement of the performance and ability of novice drivers, and the design and development of rookie driver training platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.255;U471.3
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 陳俊;邵海鵬;陳紅;劉媛媛;段西;;與交通標志信息有關(guān)的駕駛?cè)硕虝r記憶衰減研究[J];城市交通;2009年02期
2 孫舒放;Chris S. Dula;Cristi L. Adams;;1282名駕駛員焦慮水平與危險駕駛關(guān)系研究[J];廣東醫(yī)學(xué);2009年10期
3 田新民,田泉,田原;客車駕駛員駕駛適宜性的動態(tài)模擬駕駛測試[J];公路交通科技;2000年05期
4 牛鐵;巴力登;孫萌陽;;基于Multigen VEGA的碰撞檢測技術(shù)[J];工業(yè)控制計算機;2010年01期
5 章倩;卞鐘玟;蔣祖華;沈海峰;王一凡;;基于仿真的中韓青年駕駛員駕駛績效對比研究[J];工業(yè)工程與管理;2012年06期
6 尹念東;汽車駕駛模擬器研究現(xiàn)狀與技術(shù)關(guān)鍵[J];湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2002年04期
7 楊瑞元,邱建雄;基于圖像的建模和繪制技術(shù)綜述[J];計算機輔助設(shè)計與圖形學(xué)學(xué)報;2002年02期
8 汪娟娟,康玲;虛擬現(xiàn)實在數(shù)字校園中的應(yīng)用[J];計算機仿真;2003年06期
9 龍偉峰;胡江碧;;不同工作負荷下駕駛員的心生理特征研究[J];交通標準化;2009年21期
10 陳濤;魏朗;;人-車-路虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)研究[J];交通與計算機;2006年05期
本文編號：2323954
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/jiaotonggongchenglunwen/2323954.html
教材專著
