城市快速路事故條件下通行能力的仿真研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-09 13:38
【摘要】：城市快速路是城市交通的動脈,在其上發(fā)生的交通事故將造成路段甚至路網(wǎng)范圍內(nèi)的交通擁堵。利用有效的手段準確合理地測算事故條件下路段的通行能力,能定量地指導事故路段上游的交通分流,避免形成較嚴重的交通擁堵,使路網(wǎng)的通行能力得到充分利用。現(xiàn)有通行能力的參數(shù)估算法和非參數(shù)估算法在應用方面存在較大弊端,因此本文開展了城市快速路事故條件下通行能力的仿真研究。 首先,本文總結了國內(nèi)外學者在通行能力及微觀交通仿真領域的研究成果,著重闡述了占道條件下通行能力的研究現(xiàn)狀及微觀仿真的參數(shù)校正這一仿真核心步驟的研究現(xiàn)狀�；趯ρ芯楷F(xiàn)狀的總結,選取了VISSIM作為本文的仿真軟件,并確定采用遺傳算法進行參數(shù)校正。 其次,本文對快速路事故路段進行了界定,分析了事故路段駕駛員和車輛的行為特性,得出在事故條件下車輛的跟馳和換道行為與正常狀態(tài)下的車輛行為不同。根據(jù)對事故條件下路段通行能力影響因素的分析,建立了事故條件下通行能力的概念模型,并將概念模型的參數(shù)轉換至相應的仿真模型參數(shù)中進行表達,由此設計了事故條件下通行能力的仿真測算框架,探討了仿真測算框架的核心之一,即如何模擬事故場景,并利用C++設計了事故條件下VISSIM駕駛行為參數(shù)的動態(tài)改變程序。 再次,本文對仿真測算框架的核心之二,即仿真參數(shù)的校正進行了研究。確定以行程時間作為快速路事故路段仿真模型參數(shù)校正的指標,利用單因素置換法進行了仿真參數(shù)的敏感性分析,確定了對行程時間敏感的參數(shù)集及各參數(shù)的取值范圍,并在此基礎上利用MATLAB設計了參數(shù)校正程序。 最后,本文選取典型的快速路單向三車道及四車道追尾事故進行了實例研究。通過驗證,兩個事故案例通行能力的仿真測算結果與實際調(diào)查之相對誤差均小于5%,表明本文所建立的仿真測算框架有效。通過對不同事故條件的仿真研究,得出了事故條件下,快速路單向三車道及四車道不同事故占道數(shù)目及占道長度下的通行能力及折減系數(shù)。分析得出占道長度與事故路段的通行能力呈一次線性負相關；且隨占道數(shù)目的增長,通行能力降低的梯度減緩。應用三車道案例的仿真模型,分析了不同事故時長下的交通疏散量,基于交通疏散量的時間分布規(guī)律,定性地討論了在事故路段上游進行分流的注意事項。
[Abstract]:Urban expressway is the artery of urban traffic. Using effective means to accurately and reasonably calculate the capacity of road sections under accident conditions can quantitatively guide the traffic diversion upstream of the accident sections, avoid the formation of more serious traffic congestion, and make full use of the capacity of the road network. The existing parameter estimation method and non-parameter estimation method have some disadvantages in application, so the simulation study of capacity under the condition of urban expressway accident is carried out in this paper. First of all, this paper summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of traffic capacity and microscopic traffic simulation, focusing on the current situation of research on traffic capacity under the condition of road occupation and the research status of parameter correction of micro-simulation, which is the core step of simulation. Based on the summary of the research status, VISSIM is selected as the simulation software of this paper, and genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the parameters. Secondly, this paper defines the road section of the expressway accident, analyzes the behavior characteristics of the driver and the vehicle in the accident section, and concludes that the following and changing behavior of the vehicle under the condition of the accident is different from that of the vehicle in the normal state. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of traffic capacity under accident condition, the conceptual model of traffic capacity under accident condition is established, and the parameters of the conceptual model are transformed into the corresponding simulation model parameters to be expressed. In this paper, the simulation calculation framework of traffic capacity under accident condition is designed, and one of the core of simulation calculation framework is discussed, that is, how to simulate the accident scene, and the dynamic change program of driving behavior parameters of VISSIM under accident condition is designed by using C #. Thirdly, this paper studies the emulation parameter correction, which is the second core of the simulation measurement framework. The travel time is used as the parameter correction index of the simulation model of the expressway accident section. The sensitivity analysis of the simulation parameters is carried out by using the single factor replacement method, and the parameter set sensitive to the travel time and the value range of each parameter are determined. On this basis, the program of parameter correction is designed by using MATLAB. Finally, the typical three-lane and four-lane rear-end accidents of expressway are studied. It is verified that the relative error between the simulation results of traffic capacity of two accident cases and the actual investigation is less than 5, which indicates that the simulation calculation framework established in this paper is effective. Through the simulation study of different accident conditions, the capacity and reduction coefficient of expressway under different accident number and length of three lane and four lane in one way are obtained. It is concluded that the length of the occupied road has a linear negative correlation with the traffic capacity of the accident section, and the gradient of the decrease of the traffic capacity decreases with the increase of the number of the roads occupied. The simulation model of three-lane case is used to analyze the traffic evacuation amount under different accident time. Based on the time distribution of traffic evacuation amount, the attention points for diverting traffic upstream of the accident section are discussed qualitatively.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.114
本文編號：2320564
[Abstract]:Urban expressway is the artery of urban traffic. Using effective means to accurately and reasonably calculate the capacity of road sections under accident conditions can quantitatively guide the traffic diversion upstream of the accident sections, avoid the formation of more serious traffic congestion, and make full use of the capacity of the road network. The existing parameter estimation method and non-parameter estimation method have some disadvantages in application, so the simulation study of capacity under the condition of urban expressway accident is carried out in this paper. First of all, this paper summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of traffic capacity and microscopic traffic simulation, focusing on the current situation of research on traffic capacity under the condition of road occupation and the research status of parameter correction of micro-simulation, which is the core step of simulation. Based on the summary of the research status, VISSIM is selected as the simulation software of this paper, and genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the parameters. Secondly, this paper defines the road section of the expressway accident, analyzes the behavior characteristics of the driver and the vehicle in the accident section, and concludes that the following and changing behavior of the vehicle under the condition of the accident is different from that of the vehicle in the normal state. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of traffic capacity under accident condition, the conceptual model of traffic capacity under accident condition is established, and the parameters of the conceptual model are transformed into the corresponding simulation model parameters to be expressed. In this paper, the simulation calculation framework of traffic capacity under accident condition is designed, and one of the core of simulation calculation framework is discussed, that is, how to simulate the accident scene, and the dynamic change program of driving behavior parameters of VISSIM under accident condition is designed by using C #. Thirdly, this paper studies the emulation parameter correction, which is the second core of the simulation measurement framework. The travel time is used as the parameter correction index of the simulation model of the expressway accident section. The sensitivity analysis of the simulation parameters is carried out by using the single factor replacement method, and the parameter set sensitive to the travel time and the value range of each parameter are determined. On this basis, the program of parameter correction is designed by using MATLAB. Finally, the typical three-lane and four-lane rear-end accidents of expressway are studied. It is verified that the relative error between the simulation results of traffic capacity of two accident cases and the actual investigation is less than 5, which indicates that the simulation calculation framework established in this paper is effective. Through the simulation study of different accident conditions, the capacity and reduction coefficient of expressway under different accident number and length of three lane and four lane in one way are obtained. It is concluded that the length of the occupied road has a linear negative correlation with the traffic capacity of the accident section, and the gradient of the decrease of the traffic capacity decreases with the increase of the number of the roads occupied. The simulation model of three-lane case is used to analyze the traffic evacuation amount under different accident time. Based on the time distribution of traffic evacuation amount, the attention points for diverting traffic upstream of the accident section are discussed qualitatively.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.114
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