【摘要】：高速公路是為車輛提供高速、安全為主要目的的道路交通設施。但隨著經濟的發(fā)展以及小汽車逐步走進家庭，交通需求也不斷增加，高速公路面臨著交通擁擠和交通安全等各類問題。道路交通的擁堵現象已經成為世界范圍內的嚴重問題，改善道路交通擁堵狀況、提高道路通行能力都是一個亟待解決的重要課題。在我國，尤其是北方地區(qū)，大量的拉運煤炭的車輛行駛在高速公路上，帶來了嚴重的交通擁堵現象。為了保證高速公路的基本特征，必須妥善解決其存在的交通問題。 針對高速公路的控制方法和策略雖然較多，但這些理論方法沒有涉及到交通流混沌。道路交通是一個不確定性極強的非線性時變系統(tǒng)，無序、分形、混沌存在于系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展演變過程中，而從非線性科學、混沌控制的角度來研究交通流控制是一項具有重要意義的前沿課題。已有的高速公路混沌控制研究已經證明了其有效性，但這些研究偏重于混沌控制器的設計及其控制有效性等機理研究，需要對高速公路混沌控制后的性能指標進行深入研究，以分析控制的有效性和具體效果。 論文分析了高速公路混沌控制的機理，對高速公路控制的方法和具體的控制系統(tǒng)進行了說明。做為綜合評價的首要工作，針對混沌匝道控制效果從效率性、公平性不同的角度分析了相關的指標，建立了高速公路混沌控制效果綜合評價指標體系。進而，分析了多種不同的綜合評價方法，根據混沌匝道控制評價的自身特點，提出采用基于加權主成分分析法的評價方法，其中采用灰色關聯度法確定各評價指標的權重，同時引入了基尼系數的概念，應用其分析控制效果的公平性傾向。 以具體某一高速公路路段，采用提出的基于加權主成分分析法的評價方法，以驗證方法的有效性�？紤]到社會公平性而加大匝道用戶權重在匝道需求和主線上游流量均較大的情況下使用較好；而在其它情況下，只需將匝道用戶和主線用戶平等看待，取同一權重，即可達到追求效率最大化目標的同時，自然兼顧到社會公平性的原則。通過對評價結果的分析，，可以看出基于混沌的匝道控制的優(yōu)越性，不僅可以保證整體的通行效率，有效的提高道路通行能力，減少擁堵，還可以保證不同用戶之間的公平性。
[Abstract]:Expressway is to provide high speed, safety for the main purpose of road traffic facilities. However, with the development of economy and the gradual entry of cars into the family, the traffic demand is increasing, and the expressway is facing various problems such as traffic congestion and traffic safety. Traffic congestion has become a serious problem all over the world. It is an important problem to improve traffic congestion and improve traffic capacity. In our country, especially in the northern region, a large number of coal hauling vehicles travel on the highway, which brings serious traffic congestion. In order to ensure the basic characteristics of freeway, it is necessary to properly solve the existing traffic problems. Although there are many control methods and strategies for freeway, these theoretical methods do not involve the chaos of traffic flow. Road traffic is a highly uncertain nonlinear time-varying system, disorder, fractal, chaos exists in the development of the system, and from the nonlinear science, The study of traffic flow control from the point of view of chaos control is an important frontier subject. The existing research on chaos control of freeway has proved its validity, but these researches focus on the design of chaotic controller and the mechanism of its control effectiveness, so it is necessary to deeply study the performance index of freeway chaos control. To analyze the effectiveness and effectiveness of the control. In this paper, the mechanism of freeway chaos control is analyzed, and the method and concrete control system of freeway control are explained. As the most important work of comprehensive evaluation, the related indexes are analyzed from different angles of efficiency and fairness in view of the control effect of chaotic ramp, and a comprehensive evaluation index system of chaotic control effect of freeway is established. Then, various comprehensive evaluation methods are analyzed. According to the characteristics of chaotic ramp control evaluation, a new evaluation method based on weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) is proposed, in which grey correlation degree is used to determine the weight of each evaluation index. At the same time, the concept of Gini coefficient is introduced to analyze the fairness tendency of control effect. An evaluation method based on weighted principal component analysis is proposed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Considering the social equity, increasing the ramp user weight is better when the ramp demand and the main line upstream flow are larger; In other cases, it is necessary to treat ramp users and mainline users equally and take the same weight to achieve the goal of maximization of efficiency, and naturally take into account the principle of social equity. Through the analysis of the evaluation results, we can see the superiority of ramp control based on chaos, which can not only ensure the overall traffic efficiency, effectively improve the road capacity, reduce congestion, but also ensure the fairness between different users.
【學位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.54

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