【摘要】：橋梁檢測車是一種裝備有橋梁檢測儀器,為橋梁檢測人員在檢測過程中提供檢測作業(yè)平臺,用于流動檢測和維修作業(yè)的專用汽車。臂架結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化可以改善橋梁檢測車整車液壓工作系統(tǒng)的動力特性,降低車載平衡配重以及提高橋梁檢測車整車系統(tǒng)安全性。平行底座結(jié)構(gòu)是由板材焊接而成的框架結(jié)構(gòu),其在實際工作過程中受到臂架系統(tǒng)相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的空間限制,受力情況較為復(fù)雜,選取危險工況,對其進(jìn)行疲勞壽命計算和優(yōu)化設(shè)計對提高橋架檢測車的使用壽命具有重要意義。 論文以某16m桁架式橋梁檢測車上車臂架結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,結(jié)合有限元法、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與遺傳算法,完成對臂架系統(tǒng)中的桁架檢測臂結(jié)構(gòu)的輕量化設(shè)計；根據(jù)疲勞可靠性理論,試驗設(shè)計以及響應(yīng)面近似模型等方法,借助ISIGHT軟件集成自動化手段,完成了臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的中關(guān)鍵部件平行底座的結(jié)構(gòu)改善疲勞壽命的優(yōu)化設(shè)計。 1.在ANSYS Workbench中建立橋梁檢測車上車臂架系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)有限元仿真模型,通過靜力分析對轉(zhuǎn)臺機(jī)構(gòu)各組件和桁架檢測臂部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度與剛度校核； 2.在ANSYS中建立桁架檢測臂結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù)化有限元仿真模型,采用正交試驗法建立樣本數(shù)據(jù),完成對BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的訓(xùn)練,建立設(shè)計參數(shù)與目標(biāo)向量之間的映射關(guān)系,以結(jié)構(gòu)重量最輕為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),利用遺傳算法進(jìn)行全局尋優(yōu)。 3.以平行底座結(jié)構(gòu)作為疲勞分析關(guān)鍵部件,借助ANSYS Workbench中的疲勞分析模塊Fatigue Module對平行底座進(jìn)行應(yīng)力壽命分析,計算結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命,初步確定結(jié)構(gòu)中容易發(fā)生疲勞關(guān)鍵部位。 4.在疲勞分析基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用試驗設(shè)計與響應(yīng)面模型方法,建立結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計變量空間內(nèi)的樣本點對結(jié)構(gòu)自重和疲勞壽命的響應(yīng)面模型,借助ISIGHT優(yōu)化軟件的自動集成功能搭建結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化流程,采用多島遺傳算法在響應(yīng)面模型上進(jìn)行尋優(yōu)計算。 通過對橋梁檢測車臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的輕量化研究以及關(guān)鍵部件的抗疲勞優(yōu)化設(shè)計,可以改善橋梁檢測車的工作性能及其使用壽命,降低設(shè)計以及制造過程中的成本,提高了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的效率和質(zhì)量,對于類似結(jié)構(gòu)的的設(shè)計與研發(fā)具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Bridge detection vehicle is a kind of special vehicle equipped with bridge detection instrument, which provides detection platform for bridge detection personnel in the detection process, and is used for mobile detection and maintenance work. The light weight of the arm structure can improve the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic working system of the whole vehicle of the bridge detection vehicle, reduce the balance weight of the vehicle and improve the safety of the whole vehicle system of the bridge detection vehicle. Parallel base structure is a frame structure which is welded by sheet metal. It is limited by the space of the relevant mechanism of the boom system in the actual working process, and the stress situation is more complex, so the dangerous working condition is selected. It is of great significance to calculate and optimize the fatigue life of the bridge detection vehicle. In this paper, a 16m truss bridge detection vehicle boom structure system is taken as the research object, combining finite element method, neural network and genetic algorithm, the lightweight design of the truss detection arm structure in the boom system is completed. Based on fatigue reliability theory, experimental design and response surface approximation model, and with the help of ISIGHT software integrated automation, the optimization design for improving fatigue life of the parallel base of the key components of the boom structure is completed. 1. The finite element simulation model of the bridge detection vehicle boom system is established in ANSYS Workbench, and the strength and stiffness of the components of the turntable mechanism and the truss detection arm are checked by static analysis. 2. The parameterized finite element simulation model of truss detection arm structure is established in ANSYS. The orthogonal test method is used to establish the sample data, to complete the training of BP neural network, and to establish the mapping relationship between design parameters and target vectors. Taking the least weight of structure as the optimization objective, the genetic algorithm is used for global optimization. 3. Taking the parallel base structure as the key component of fatigue analysis, the stress life of parallel base is analyzed with the help of the fatigue analysis module Fatigue Module in ANSYS Workbench, and the fatigue life of the structure is calculated, and the fatigue key parts of the structure are preliminarily determined. 4. On the basis of fatigue analysis, the response surface model of structural weight and fatigue life of sample points in structural design variable space is established by means of test design and response surface model. With the help of the automatic integration function of the ISIGHT optimization software, the structure optimization process is built, and the multi-island genetic algorithm is used for the optimization calculation on the response surface model. Through the lightweight research of the bridge detection vehicle's arm structure and the anti-fatigue optimization design of the key parts, the working performance and service life of the bridge detection vehicle can be improved, and the cost in the design and manufacture process can be reduced. It improves the efficiency and quality of product design, and has a certain reference value for the design and development of similar structures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U446.3

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