發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 20:34

【摘要】：近年來，我國跨越海峽和海灣的沿海橋梁建設(shè)事業(yè)快速發(fā)展。沿海橋梁在設(shè)計(jì)使用年限內(nèi)，可能遭受多種自然災(zāi)害作用。其中，地震和極端波流海況，是對沿海橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)具有威脅性的典型災(zāi)害，而在潛在海嘯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，由海底地震或其他原因?qū)е碌钠茐男院[可能對沿海橋梁造成毀滅性打擊。當(dāng)工程防災(zāi)設(shè)計(jì)從單一時(shí)期向全壽命周期轉(zhuǎn)變，在一定時(shí)間跨度內(nèi)，沿海橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)遭受多種荷載組合作用以及災(zāi)害接續(xù)作用的可能性大大增加。 在這一背景下，本文主要對以下三個(gè)方面開展了試驗(yàn)研究：1.考慮流固耦合作用對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)動力特性以及動力響應(yīng)的影響；2.地震（動荷載）和波浪（水流）聯(lián)合作用下橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)動力響應(yīng)；3.孤立波（海嘯）對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的作用機(jī)理以及采取橋面板開孔措施減輕孤立波（海嘯）作用的有效性，主要內(nèi)容包括： 1．以20m跨徑T型橋梁作為原型，考慮流固耦合作用設(shè)計(jì)制作了橋梁縮尺模型，針對水流、波浪、地震、海嘯耦合接續(xù)作用，制定了三類試驗(yàn)工況； 2．進(jìn)行了橋梁模型水槽試驗(yàn)，研究了水深變化對橋梁模型動力特性和動力響應(yīng)的影響，并采用Morison方程法計(jì)算了簡化的橋梁模型模態(tài)參數(shù)，，將其和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比驗(yàn)證，并給出了波浪（水流）和動荷載組合作用下橋梁模型的動力響應(yīng)特點(diǎn)； 3．基于橋梁模型海嘯試驗(yàn)，研究孤立波（海嘯）對橋梁的作用機(jī)理及反應(yīng)特征，分析總結(jié)了采取橋面板開孔減災(zāi)措施的有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of coastal bridges across straits and coasts in China has developed rapidly. Coastal bridges may be affected by many natural disasters during their design life. Among them, earthquakes and extreme waves and currents are typical disasters threatening coastal bridge structure, but in potential tsunami risk areas, destructive tsunamis caused by submarine earthquakes or other causes may cause devastating damage to coastal bridges. When the engineering disaster prevention design changes from a single period to a whole life cycle, the possibility of the coastal bridge structure being subjected to a variety of load combinations and disaster continuity is greatly increased in a certain time span. In this context, the following three main aspects of the experimental study: 1. Considering the effect of fluid-structure coupling on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of bridge structure; 2. Dynamic response of bridge structure under the combined action of earthquake (dynamic load) and wave (current); 3. The action mechanism of solitary wave (tsunami) on bridge structure and the effectiveness of adopting bridge deck perforation measures to mitigate the effect of solitary wave (tsunami) are discussed in this paper. The main contents are as follows: 1. Taking 20m span T-type bridge as prototype, Considering the fluid-solid coupling effect, the bridge scale model is designed, and three kinds of test conditions are established for the coupled interaction of current, wave, earthquake and tsunami. 2. The bridge model flume test is carried out, and the influence of the water depth change on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the bridge model is studied. The simplified modal parameters of the bridge model are calculated by using the Morison equation method, and compared with the experimental data. The dynamic response characteristics of the bridge model under the combined action of wave (current) and dynamic load are given. 3. Based on the bridge model tsunami test, the action mechanism and response characteristics of the isolated wave (tsunami) to the bridge are studied, and the effectiveness of the bridge deck perforation mitigation measures is analyzed and summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U445.7

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