【摘要】：螺旋卸船機是在現(xiàn)代港口物流中應(yīng)用比較廣泛的一種散貨卸船機械，具有卸船效率高、環(huán)境污染小、船型與貨物的適用性廣、重量輕、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等優(yōu)點。武漢理工大學(xué)研發(fā)的新型L型螺旋卸船機在取料方式、垂直螺旋中間支承方式、料流轉(zhuǎn)接方式、輸送機支承結(jié)構(gòu)及俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)等方面進(jìn)行了大量的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，達(dá)到了提高卸船效率、降低卸船能耗的目的。 對于L型螺旋卸船機來說，俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)是其重要的組成部分，它的剛度和強度能否滿足需要對整機的平穩(wěn)運轉(zhuǎn)具有很大的影響。在卸船機工作過程中，垂直與水平螺旋軸的偏心旋轉(zhuǎn)將產(chǎn)生離心力，從而引起諧波激勵使得俯仰結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生振動，影響整機的運轉(zhuǎn)。因此，有必要運用動力學(xué)的方法，對該卸船機的俯仰平衡機構(gòu)進(jìn)行動態(tài)特性研究，研究其在動態(tài)激勵下的響應(yīng)特性。 本文以螺旋卸船機的俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)為研究對象，以ANSYS軟件為工具，以動力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ)，對俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了分析研究，主要進(jìn)行了以下方面的工作： （1）利用ANSYS軟件針對L型螺旋卸船機的俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)建立有限元分析模型。 （2）確定俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)的載荷和工況，對俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析，，為動力學(xué)分析提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。 （3）在靜力分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，提取其前十階固有頻率及振型，為進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。 （4）分析出垂直與水平螺旋由于偏心旋轉(zhuǎn)引起的離心力，并將其某方向分力作為外部激勵分別輸入到俯仰機構(gòu)的有限元模型中，研究該模型在兩種不同頻率的諧波激勵下的穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)曲線，并繪制出在兩種頻率諧波激勵下系統(tǒng)的動強度與動剛度云圖。 （5）通過對動態(tài)響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)的分析比較，揭示俯仰平衡系統(tǒng)在兩種激勵疊加下的的持續(xù)動力特性，從而為克服共振及諧波響應(yīng)引起的不良影響提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Spiral ship unloader is a kind of bulk ship unloader which is widely used in modern port logistics. It has the advantages of high unloading efficiency, low environmental pollution, wide applicability of ship type and cargo, light weight, simple structure, and so on. A new type of L-type screw ship unloader developed by Wuhan University of Technology has made a great deal of technological innovations in the aspects of material collection, vertical screw intermediate support, material flow connection, conveyor support structure and pitch balance system, etc. The efficiency of unloading is improved and the energy consumption of unloading is reduced. For L-type screw ship unloader, pitch balancing system is an important part of it. Whether its stiffness and strength can meet the needs has a great impact on the smooth operation of the whole machine. In the working process of ship unloader, the eccentric rotation of vertical and horizontal helical shaft will produce centrifugal force, which will cause harmonic excitation to make the pitching structure vibrate and affect the operation of the whole machine. Therefore, it is necessary to use dynamic method to study the dynamic characteristics of the pitching balancing mechanism of the ship unloader and its response characteristics under dynamic excitation. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the pitch balance system of the screw ship unloader are analyzed and studied with the ANSYS software as the tool and the dynamics theory as the foundation. The main works are as follows: (1) the finite element analysis model of the pitching balance system of L-type spiral ship unloader is established by using ANSYS software. (2) the load and working condition of the pitching balance system are determined. Static analysis of pitching balance system provides data support for dynamic analysis. (3) on the basis of static analysis, modal analysis is carried out to extract the first ten natural frequencies and modes. It lays a foundation for harmonic response analysis. (4) the centrifugal force caused by eccentric rotation of vertical and horizontal helix is analyzed, and its component force is input into the finite element model of pitching mechanism as external excitation. The steady-state response curves of the model under two harmonic excitations with different frequencies are studied, and the dynamic strength and stiffness cloud diagrams of the system under two harmonic excitations are drawn. (5) the dynamic response data are analyzed and compared. The persistent dynamic characteristics of pitching balance system under two kinds of excitation superposition are revealed so as to provide the basis for overcoming the adverse effects caused by resonance and harmonic response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U653.928.1

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