【摘要】：隨著我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,汽車保有量持續(xù)增加,我國高速公路通車?yán)锍桃衍S居世界第一,但是隨之而來的一起起特重大高速公路交通事故刺激著我們的神經(jīng)。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在高速公路交通事故中,超速行為是導(dǎo)致交通事故和決定交通事故嚴(yán)重程度的重要因素。因此在事故易發(fā)的特殊路段采取有效的速度控制措施,可以從根本上減少由超速帶來的交通事故,保證安全出行,提升道路安全水平。 目前在高速公路上主要采取的是限速標(biāo)志等一些強(qiáng)制性速度控制設(shè)施,但這種強(qiáng)制性手段的效果并不理想,限速值一般比道路允許行駛速度值要低很多,容易造成駕駛員逆反心理冒險(xiǎn)超速,影響交通安全。而基于視錯(cuò)覺的減速標(biāo)線能夠有效的引起駕駛員的注意,從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)出發(fā),改變駕駛員對(duì)交通環(huán)境的感知,在適當(dāng)?shù)拇碳?qiáng)度下引導(dǎo)駕駛員自然減速到合理速度值。并且減速標(biāo)線更加考慮駕駛的舒適性,減速效果的平滑性,同時(shí)減速標(biāo)線的設(shè)置減少了高速公路路面環(huán)境的單調(diào)性,能夠起到緩解駕駛員煩悶、乏味和視覺疲勞的作用。但是在我國現(xiàn)有的交通規(guī)范中,對(duì)高速公路上的減速標(biāo)線還沒有具體的規(guī)定和科學(xué)有效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因而導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)有的高速公路上的減速標(biāo)線運(yùn)用混亂,有些設(shè)置缺乏合理性、有效性。 本文基于駕駛員的認(rèn)知行為,利用視錯(cuò)覺原理,設(shè)計(jì)出三色立體、魚刺形和菱形三種減速標(biāo)線,利用CAD作圖軟件繪制出試驗(yàn)高速公路平面圖,與各減速標(biāo)線參數(shù)示意圖,然后采用Multigen Creator建模軟件生成三種減速標(biāo)線的ive格式文件,再把三種減速標(biāo)線的ive文件導(dǎo)入仿真模擬駕駛系統(tǒng)的道路建模軟件數(shù)據(jù)庫中,運(yùn)用道路建模軟件生成高速公路仿真模型,并從數(shù)據(jù)庫中調(diào)出三種減速標(biāo)線鋪設(shè)在合適的位置。最后利用我校的車輛駕駛仿真器,應(yīng)用模擬仿真技術(shù),邀請47名被試駕駛員進(jìn)行模擬仿真試驗(yàn)與主觀評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)出的三種減速標(biāo)線減速效果進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,通過綜合分析得出各種減速標(biāo)線的優(yōu)劣、適用路段。研究成果可以為道路管理部門提供一定的理論依據(jù)與參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and the continuous increase of the number of cars, the mileage of expressway traffic in our country has leapt to the first in the world, but with it, a major highway traffic accident stimulates our nerves. It is found that speeding is an important factor to cause traffic accidents and determine the severity of traffic accidents in expressway traffic accidents. Therefore, taking effective speed control measures in special sections prone to accidents can fundamentally reduce traffic accidents caused by speeding, ensure safe travel and improve road safety level. At present, some compulsory speed control facilities, such as speed limit signs, are mainly adopted on highways, but the effect of this kind of mandatory means is not ideal. The speed limit value is generally much lower than the permitted speed value of the road. It is easy to cause the driver to overspeed at the risk of reflexive psychology and affect the traffic safety. And the deceleration line based on visual illusion can effectively attract the attention of drivers, from cognitive psychology, change the driver's perception of traffic environment, and guide the driver to decelerate naturally to the reasonable speed value under the appropriate stimulus intensity. And the deceleration line takes the comfort of driving and the smoothness of deceleration effect more into account. At the same time, the setting of deceleration line reduces the monotonicity of highway pavement environment, which can relieve the driver's boredom, boredom and visual fatigue. However, in the existing traffic regulations of our country, there are no specific regulations and scientific and effective standards for the deceleration line on the expressway, which leads to the confusion of the use of the deceleration mark line on the existing expressway, and some of the settings lack of rationality. Effectiveness. Based on the driver's cognitive behavior and the principle of visual illusion, three deceleration lines are designed, such as trichromatic, fish-prickly and rhomboid, and the plane map of the test highway is drawn by using CAD software, and the parameters of each deceleration line are schematic. Then the Multigen Creator modeling software is used to generate the ive format files of the three deceleration lines, and then the ive files of the three deceleration marks are imported into the road modeling software database of the simulation driving system. The highway simulation model is generated by using road modeling software, and three kinds of deceleration mark lines are found out from the database and laid in proper position. Finally, using the vehicle driving simulator of our school, 47 drivers are invited to carry out the simulation test and subjective evaluation, and the deceleration effect of the three kinds of deceleration mark is tested and verified. Through comprehensive analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of various deceleration mark lines are obtained, which are applicable to road sections. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management department.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.5

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