【摘要】：優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通是解決城市交通問題的有效措施,在發(fā)展公共交通的進(jìn)程中,許多城市在大力推進(jìn)大容量快速公交系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的同時(shí)卻對城市公共交通微循環(huán)部分缺少足夠的重視,“最后一公里”成為制約公交服務(wù)水平的主要原因之一。因此強(qiáng)化公交微循環(huán)在公交系統(tǒng)中的作用并尋求相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃理論和方法具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的必要性和緊迫性。 論文以交通微循環(huán)作為切入點(diǎn),闡述了公交微循環(huán)概念,分析其功能定位、線路設(shè)置影響因素,并從老年人出行需求、接駁需求、覆蓋公交服務(wù)盲點(diǎn)三方面論述了發(fā)展公交微循環(huán)的必要性。 公交微循環(huán)規(guī)劃和普通公交系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃區(qū)別較大,論文認(rèn)為公交微循環(huán)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循可達(dá)性導(dǎo)向的交通規(guī)劃理念。因此深入探討了可達(dá)性的概念和內(nèi)涵,分析了交通可達(dá)性與機(jī)動性的辯證關(guān)系。引用生物學(xué)中生態(tài)位與生態(tài)位分化的理論來解析各種交通方式優(yōu)勢出行距離,指出公共交通地位下降的原因是其出行距離生態(tài)位被蠶食,而公交微循環(huán)有助于提升公共交通的可達(dá)性和地位,可達(dá)性導(dǎo)向的公交規(guī)劃有利于城市交通系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 區(qū)別于普通公交系統(tǒng),提出基于可達(dá)性的公交微循環(huán)線路設(shè)計(jì)方法,主要包括確定線路布設(shè)區(qū)域、選取最優(yōu)候選站點(diǎn)、尋求最優(yōu)線路三個方面的內(nèi)容,并提出相應(yīng)的方法。通過構(gòu)建小區(qū)公交可達(dá)性指標(biāo)計(jì)算模型來確定線路布設(shè)區(qū)域,并介紹了其在TransCAD中實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法�？紤]公交站點(diǎn)的可達(dá)性,將站點(diǎn)優(yōu)選問題看作集合覆蓋問題,通過PRO-CEN算法將問題轉(zhuǎn)換為0-1規(guī)劃進(jìn)行求解,并通過C++編程實(shí)現(xiàn)。在路線尋優(yōu)中,論文主要考慮單循環(huán)線路模式,構(gòu)建了以客流密度最大化為目標(biāo)的公交微循環(huán)線路優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計(jì)遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解。
[Abstract]:Priority is given to the development of public transport, which is an effective measure to solve urban traffic problems. At the same time, many cities pay less attention to the microcirculation of urban public transportation while vigorously promoting the construction of mass transit rapid transit system. "Last kilometer" has become one of the main reasons for restricting the level of public transport service. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to strengthen the role of public transportation microcirculation in the public transport system and to seek the corresponding planning theory and method. This paper takes traffic microcirculation as the breakthrough point, expounds the concept of public transportation microcirculation, analyzes its function orientation, the influence factors of route setting, and from the elderly travel demand, connecting demand. This paper discusses the necessity of developing bus microcirculation from three aspects covering blind spot of bus service. There is a big difference between bus microcirculation planning and ordinary public transport system planning. The paper thinks that bus microcirculation should follow the concept of reachability oriented traffic planning. Therefore, the concept and connotation of accessibility are discussed, and the dialectical relationship between accessibility and mobility is analyzed. Based on the theory of niche and niche differentiation in biology, the dominant travel distance of various transportation modes is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the reason for the decline of public transport status is that the niche of public transportation is eroded. The microcirculation of public transportation is helpful to improve the accessibility and status of public transportation, and the reachability oriented bus planning is beneficial to the sustainable development of urban transportation system. Different from the ordinary public transport system, this paper puts forward the design method of the bus microcirculation line based on reachability, which mainly includes determining the location of the line, selecting the optimal candidate station, seeking for the optimal line, and putting forward the corresponding method. In this paper, a calculation model of reachability index of public transportation in residential area is constructed to determine the layout area of the line, and the method to realize it in TransCAD is introduced. Considering the reachability of bus stations, the problem of site selection is regarded as a set covering problem. The problem is transformed into 0-1 programming by PRO-CEN algorithm and solved by C programming. In the course of route optimization, the paper mainly considers the single cycle line mode, constructs the bus microcirculation line optimization model aiming at maximizing the passenger flow density, and designs the genetic algorithm to solve the problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.17

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