【摘要】：近年來，我國快速路的發(fā)展速度在不斷的加快。很多大中城市都根據(jù)城市的特點(diǎn)規(guī)劃了自己的快速路網(wǎng)，城市快速路網(wǎng)的建設(shè)在一定程度上緩解了城市道路的交通擁堵。但由于交通需求的迅速增長，很多城市出現(xiàn)了快速路“不快”的現(xiàn)象。 本論文以我國城市快速路為主要對(duì)象，首先介紹我國城市快速路的兩種不同形式，由于我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不均衡，快速路的建設(shè)主要存在兩種形式，一種是實(shí)行全封閉、全立交，形成連續(xù)交通流的城市快速路；另外一種實(shí)行半封閉、存在連續(xù)平面交叉口形成間斷流的城市快速路。通過對(duì)這兩種不同的城市快速路的交通特性對(duì)比分析，指出兩種快速路在交通特性（主要包括交通流量、交通組成、車輛運(yùn)行速度）上的不同，本文主要以間斷流的城市快速路為主要研究對(duì)象。其次，提出目前針對(duì)間斷流城市快速路的主要控制方法為干線綠波協(xié)調(diào)控制，，而無論是定時(shí)控制還是感應(yīng)控制，都屬于控制系統(tǒng)中較低級(jí)的開環(huán)控制，即：只能根據(jù)輸入（主要指交通量）來調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)配時(shí)，無法根據(jù)輸出（主要指延誤）來調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)配時(shí)，其最主要的原因是延誤無法實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。然而近年來計(jì)算機(jī)視頻檢測(cè)技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用，使實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)延誤成為可能，為將交通控制中的開環(huán)控制提升為閉環(huán)控制提供了平臺(tái)和契機(jī)。因此，本文提出將自動(dòng)控制中的閉環(huán)控制理論應(yīng)用到城市快速路的干線綠波控制中，緩解城市快速路“不快”的問題。即利用現(xiàn)代視頻技術(shù)，檢測(cè)出車輛運(yùn)行中經(jīng)過交叉口的延誤，來反饋給信號(hào)機(jī)，不斷的對(duì)各個(gè)路口進(jìn)行相位差優(yōu)化，分時(shí)段的計(jì)算交通延誤值，結(jié)合檢測(cè)到的其他交通數(shù)據(jù)，利用“爬山法”求得信號(hào)控制的最佳方案。最后，通過實(shí)例，運(yùn)用vissim仿真軟件進(jìn)行閉環(huán)控制的仿真，通過與開環(huán)控制的對(duì)比分析，驗(yàn)證閉環(huán)控制方法的有效性。 通過以上方面的研究，本論文提出了一種適用于存在連續(xù)交叉口的城市快速路的一種控制方法，智能交通的運(yùn)用是解決城市交通問題的有效手段，本研究將以此為基點(diǎn)，進(jìn)一步將閉環(huán)控制理論應(yīng)用到交通控制中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the speed of development of expressway in our country is accelerating continuously. Many large and medium-sized cities have planned their own expressway network according to the characteristics of the city, and the construction of urban expressway network has alleviated the traffic congestion of urban roads to a certain extent. However, due to the rapid growth of traffic demand, many cities appear the phenomenon of expressway "unhappy". This paper takes the urban expressway of our country as the main object, first introduces two different forms of the urban expressway of our country. Because of the imbalance of the economic development of our country, there are two main forms of the construction of the expressway, one is to implement the completely closed, the whole interchange. The urban expressway which forms the continuous traffic flow and the urban expressway which is semi-closed and has continuous intersections forms the urban expressway with discontinuous flow. By comparing and analyzing the traffic characteristics of the two different urban expressways, it is pointed out that the traffic characteristics (including traffic flow, traffic composition and vehicle speed) of the two kinds of expressway are different. The main research object of this paper is the urban expressway with discontinuous flow. Secondly, it is put forward that the main control method for the urban expressway with discontinuous flow is the coordinated control of the trunk green wave, and both the timing control and the induction control belong to the lower level open loop control in the control system. That is to say, the signal timing can only be adjusted according to the input (mainly traffic volume), and the signal timing can not be adjusted according to the output (mainly refers to delay). The main reason is that the delay can not be detected in real time. However, the popularization and application of computer video detection technology in recent years make it possible to detect delay in real time, which provides a platform and opportunity for the open loop control in traffic control to be improved to closed loop control. Therefore, in this paper, the closed loop control theory of automatic control is applied to the green wave control of urban expressway to alleviate the problem of "unhappiness" of urban expressway. That is, using the modern video technology to detect the delay of the vehicle passing through the intersection, to feed back to the signal machine, to continuously optimize the phase difference of each intersection, to calculate the traffic delay value in different periods, and to combine the other traffic data detected. The best scheme of signal control is obtained by mountain climbing method. Finally, the closed-loop control is simulated by using vissim simulation software, and the effectiveness of the closed-loop control method is verified by comparing with the open-loop control. Through the above research, this paper puts forward a kind of control method suitable for the urban expressway with continuous intersection. The application of intelligent traffic is an effective means to solve the urban traffic problem, and this research will take this as the basic point. Furthermore, the closed loop control theory is applied to traffic control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.54

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