發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 07:25

【摘要】：截至2012年底,我國汽車保有量已超過1.2億輛,而道路交通事故的發(fā)生率卻持續(xù)增高,危害之大可見一斑。當(dāng)交通事故發(fā)生時(shí),怎樣使乘員的生命安全得到有效保護(hù),提高汽車的被動安全性,是全球各大汽車制造廠商研究的主要內(nèi)容之一。乘員約束系統(tǒng)研究是汽車被動安全研究的主要內(nèi)容。本文利用MADYMO軟件建立正面碰撞乘員約束系統(tǒng)的模型,并對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與分析,進(jìn)一步深化了汽車被動安全性的研究。 在乘員約束系統(tǒng)研究方面,目前的大部分研究都是針對安全帶、方向盤、座椅和安全氣囊的性能進(jìn)行確定性優(yōu)化,而對于不確定因素的影響作用常常不加考慮,然而當(dāng)碰撞條件出現(xiàn)變化或設(shè)計(jì)變量發(fā)生波動時(shí),優(yōu)化目標(biāo)可能會超出約束界限而使設(shè)計(jì)失效,延長產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期。本文在總結(jié)前人研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、田口魯棒設(shè)計(jì)和穩(wěn)健性理論這三種理論方法,對乘員約束系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)健性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。 本文首先分析了汽車被動安全性的研究內(nèi)容和方法及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,重點(diǎn)介紹了乘員約束系統(tǒng)。其次闡述了正碰過程乘員損傷準(zhǔn)則、各國的碰撞法規(guī)及我國正面碰撞技術(shù)法規(guī)及C-NCAP碰撞評價(jià)方法。接著運(yùn)用MADYMO進(jìn)行正面碰撞約束系統(tǒng)的建模,包括車體系統(tǒng)模型,安全氣囊和安全帶有限元模型,假人模型,進(jìn)行了假人模型的定位,接觸的定義等,并對模型進(jìn)行求解計(jì)算輸出。然后對所建模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)靈敏度分析,分析單個(gè)參數(shù)改變對約束系統(tǒng)的影響,并采用正交試驗(yàn)、極差分析法進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)變量的靈敏度篩選。最后綜合運(yùn)用試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、穩(wěn)健性理論及田口魯棒設(shè)計(jì)這三種理論方法,對乘員約束系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)健性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),得到最優(yōu)方案,與試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)得到的最優(yōu)方案比較并進(jìn)行穩(wěn)健性評價(jià)。 通過靈敏度分析,本文得到了影響頭部HIC、胸部3MS和Thpc等的主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)以及各個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的改變對乘員損傷值的影響情況。由穩(wěn)健性分析可知,采用基于田口魯棒設(shè)計(jì)的穩(wěn)健性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法十分有效。相比僅采用試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法的優(yōu)化結(jié)果,該方法不僅進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),而且提高了設(shè)計(jì)變量的可靠度及目標(biāo)函數(shù)的穩(wěn)健性。該方法具有一般性,同樣可以用在其他系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究方面。
[Abstract]:Up to the end of 2012, the number of cars in China has exceeded 120 million, but the incidence of road traffic accidents continues to increase, the harm can be seen. How to effectively protect the safety of passengers and improve the passive safety of vehicles when traffic accidents occur is one of the main research contents of the major automobile manufacturers in the world. The study of passenger restraint system is the main content of vehicle passive safety research. In this paper, the model of frontal impact passenger constraint system is established by using MADYMO software, and the optimization design and analysis are carried out, which further deepens the research on passive safety of vehicle. In the research of occupant restraint system, most of the current researches are focused on the deterministic optimization of the performance of seat belts, steering wheels, seats and airbags, but the effect of uncertainties is often ignored. However, when the collision condition changes or the design variable fluctuates, the optimization objective may exceed the constraint limit and make the design invalid and prolong the product development cycle. On the basis of summing up the previous research work, this paper makes use of the three theoretical methods of experimental design, robust design and robustness theory to optimize the robust design of the occupant constrained system. In this paper, the research contents and methods of passive safety and the current research situation at home and abroad are analyzed, and the occupant restraint system is introduced emphatically. Secondly, the damage criteria of the occupants in the forward collision process, the collision regulations of various countries, the frontal collision technical regulations of our country and the C-NCAP collision evaluation method are expounded. Then MADYMO is used to model the frontal impact restraint system, including the car body system model, the airbag and seat belt finite element model, the dummy model, the positioning of the dummy model, the definition of contact, etc. The model is solved and calculated. Then the sensitivity of the model is analyzed and the influence of single parameter change on the constraint system is analyzed. The sensitivity of the design variables is screened by orthogonal test and range analysis. Finally, the optimal scheme is obtained by synthesizing the three theoretical methods of experimental design, robust theory and Taguchi robust design. Compare with the optimal scheme and evaluate the robustness. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the main design parameters of head HIC, chest 3MS and Thpc, and the influence of each design parameter on the occupants' injury value are obtained in this paper. According to robustness analysis, robust optimal design method based on robust design is very effective. Compared with the experimental design method, this method not only optimizes the design objective, but also improves the reliability of the design variables and the robustness of the objective function. This method is general and can also be used in the research of optimization design of other systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U467.14;U491.61

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本文編號：2151946